The Coming Robot Revolution pp 57-74 | Cite as
How to Make a Humanlike Robot
- 1 Citations
- 1.7k Downloads
Abstract
Making humanlike robots is a complex task that requires not only copying the appearance of humans but also replicating the core of what makes us human, including our thoughts, emotions, and capabilities. Effectively, we need to model human movement and behavior, and even the way we think. This task involves many science and engineering disciplines, including mechanical and electrical engineering, materials science, computer science, artificial intelligence (AI), and control. By developing robots that appear and function similar to humans we understand ourselves better and we make robots that we can better relate to, as though we were relating to fellow humans. Making such robots can benefit from advances in biomimetics – the study of nature and its interpretation in biologically inspired technologies.
Keywords
Facial Expression Electronic Nose Ultrasonic Motor Electronic Tongue Artificial MuscleBibliography
Books and Articles
- Altarriba, J., D. M., Basnight, and T. M. Canary, “Emotion representation and perception across cultures”, in W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, and D. N. Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 4, Chapter 5), www.wwu.edu/˜culture, Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington (2003).
- Bar-Cohen, Y. (Ed.), Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles – Reality, Potential and Challenges, 2nd Edition, SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, Vol. PM136, (March, 2004).Google Scholar
- Bar-Cohen, Y., (Ed.), Biomimetics – Biologically Inspired Technologies, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (November, 2005).Google Scholar
- Bar-Cohen, Y., and C. Breazeal (Eds.), Biologically-Inspired Intelligent Robots, SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, Vol. PM122, (May, 2003).Google Scholar
- Bar-Cohen, Y., X. Bao, and W. Grandia, “Rotary Ultrasonic Motors Actuated By Traveling Flexural Waves,” Proceedings of the SPIE International Smart Materials and Structures Conference, SPIE Paper No. 3329-82 San Diego, CA, (March 1–6, 1998).Google Scholar
- Bartlett, M.S., Littlewort, G.C., Lainscsek, C., Fasel, I., Frank, M.G., Movellan, J.R. Fully “Automatic facial action recognition in spontaneous behavior” 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, (2006), pp. 223–228.Google Scholar
- Breazeal, C., Designing Sociable Robots. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2002).Google Scholar
- Dunn, E., and R. Howe, “Foot placement and velocity control in smooth bipedal walking,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, (1996) pp. 578–583.Google Scholar
- Full, R. J., and K. Meijir, “Metrics of Natural Muscle Function,” Chapter 3 in Bar-Cohen Y. (Ed.), Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles - Reality, Potential and Challenges, 2nd Edition, SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, Vol. PM136, (March, 2004), pp. 73–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hans, M., “The Control Architecture of Care-O-bot II.” In: Prassler, E.; Lawitzky, G.; Stopp, A.; Grunwald, G.; Hägele, M.; Dillmann, R.; Iossifidis, I. (Eds.): Advances in Human-Robot Interaction. Book Series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, Vol. 14 (2004), pp. 321–330.Google Scholar
- Hanson, D., Humanizing interfaces – an integrative analysis of the aesthetics of humanlike robots, PhD Dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas (May, 2006).Google Scholar
- Hardenberg, H. O., The Middle Ages of the Internal combustion Engine, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), (1999).Google Scholar
- Hirai, K., M. Hirose, Y. Haikawa, and T. Takenaka, “The development of Honda humanoid robot,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, (1998).Google Scholar
- Ikemata, Y., K. Yasuhara, A. Sano, and H. Fujimoto, “A Study of the Leg-swing Motion of Passive Walking,” proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Pasadena, CA, USA, (May 19–23, 2008), pp. 1588–1593.Google Scholar
- Kajita, S., and K. Tani, “Experimental study of biped dynamic walking in the linear inverted pendulum mode,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, (1995).Google Scholar
- Kazerooni, H., and Guo J., “Human Extenders”, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurements, and Control, Vol. 115, (1993) pp. 281–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kurzweil, R., The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence, Penguin Press, (1999).Google Scholar
- Lamere, P., P. Kwok, W. Walker, E. Gouvea, R. Singh, B. Raj, and P. Wolf, “Design of the CMU Sphinx-4 decoder,” Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Geneve, Switzerland, (September, 2003), pp. 1181–1184.Google Scholar
- Larminie J., Fuel Cell Systems, 2nd Edition, SAE International, (May, 2003).Google Scholar
- McGeer, T., “Passive dynamic walking,” International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 9, (1990) pp. 62–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Minsky, M. The Emotion Machine, Simon & Schuster (November 7, 2006)Google Scholar
- Miura, H., and I. Shimoyama, “Dynamic walk of a biped,” International Journal of Robotics Research, Vol. 3, No. 2, (1984) pp. 60–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mizuuchi, I., T. Yoshikai, Y. Nakanishi, Y. Sodeyama, T. Yamamoto, A. Miyadera, T. Niemelä, M. Hayashi, J. Urata, and M. Inaba, “Development of Muscle-Driven Flexible-Spine Humanoids,” Proceedings of Humanoids 2005, part of the 5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, (December, 2005), pp.339–344.Google Scholar
- Moriyama, T., J. Xiao, J. Cohn, and T. Kanade, “Meticulously detailed eye model and its application to analysis of facial image,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 28, No. 5, (May, 2006), pp. 738–752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Plantec, P. M., and R. Kurzwell (Foreword), Virtual Humans: A Build-It-Yourself Kit, Complete With Software and Step-By-Step Instructions, AMACOM/American Management Association; (2003).Google Scholar
- Pratt, G. A., “Legged Robots at MIT: What’s new since Raibert,” Research Perspectives, IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, (September, 2000), pp. 15–19.Google Scholar
- Raibert, M., Legged Robots that Balance, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, (1986).Google Scholar
- Sherrit, S., Y. Bar-Cohen, and X. Bao, “Ultrasonic Materials, Actuators and Motors (USM),” Section 5.2, Chapter 5 “Actuators,” Y. Bar-Cohen (Ed.) Automation, Miniature Robotics and Sensors for Nondestructive Evaluation and Testing, Volume 4 of the Topics on NDE (TONE) Series, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH, (2000), pp. 215–228Google Scholar
- Twomey, K., and K. Murphy “Investigation into the packaging and operation of an electronic tongue sensor for industrial applications,” Sensor Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 26, Issue 3, (2006) pp. 218–226.Google Scholar
- Uchino, K., Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors, Kluwer Academic, (1996)Google Scholar
- Ueha, S., Y. Tomikawa, and M. Kurosawa, Ultrasonic Motors: Theory and Applications, Clarendon Press, (1993)Google Scholar
- von der Malsberg C., and W. Schneider, “A neural cocktail party processor,” Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 54, (1986), pp. 29–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Westervelt, E. R., J. W. Grizzle, C. Chevallereau, J. H. Choi, B. Morris, Feedback Control of Dynamic Bipedal Robot Locomotion (Control and Automation), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (June 26, 2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yamaguchi, J., E. Soga, S. Inoue, and A. Takanishi, “Development of a bipedal humanoid robot – Control method of whole body cooperative dynamic biped, walking,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, (1999), pp. 368–374.Google Scholar
Internet Websites
- Android world http://www.androidworld.com/prod01.htm
- Articles in Electronic Design http://www.elecdesign.com/Articles/Print.cfm?ArticleID=14763 http://www.elecdesign.com/Articles/ArticleID/12830/12830.html
- Carnegie Mellon contributions to walking robots http://www.newdesign.cs.cmu.edu/archive/2007/pages/RHOFReleasePhotos.pdf
- Female Guide Robot http://www.plasticbamboo.com/2006/10/05/female-guide-robot-from-sanrio/
- Game machines play (including World Cup) http://www.pbs.org/saf/1208/resources/resources-1.htm
- Gynoid (Female-like robots) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynoid
- History of walking machines http://agrosy.informatik.uni-kl.de/wmc/historical.php http://www.humansversusandroids.com/androids/real.htm]
- Honda’s Asimo http://asimo.honda.com/
- Humanlike robots http://www.flashedblogs.com/filedunder/robots/193.html?page=6
- Humanoid robots http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot
- Humanoid robots http://www.droidlogic.com/
- Legged Robots at MIT http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/100/18981/00876907.pdf?arnumber=876907
- NEC’s PaPeRo Robot http://www.incx.nec.co.jp/robot/english/intro/intro_01.html
- RoboCup http://www.robocup.org/
- RoboGames (formerly Robolympics) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robolympics
- Robosapien http://www.robotbooks.com/robosapien.htm
- Robot books http://www.robotbooks.com/
- Robotic faces http://www.androidworld.com/prod04.htm
- Robots that jump http://www.plyojump.com/weblog/index.html
- Sony’s QRIO http://www.plyojump.com/qrio.html
- Space Robots http://www.robotmatrix.org/space-robot.htm
- Standard software platform http://www.roboticstrends.com/displayarticle1022.html
- Talking heads http://www.cse.unr.edu/˜rakhi/th_avsp99.pdf
- Toyota’s Humanoid robots http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/special/robot/
- Toyota’s robots http://www.plyojump.com/toyota.html
- Wakamaru robot http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/
- Waseda University, piped robots http://www.uc3m.es/uc3m/dpto/IN/dpin04/2historyindgcr.html
- Wow-Wee Robosapien http://www.wowwee.com/robosapien/more.html
- ZMP’s robots http://www.plyojump.com/zmp.html