Corrosion is a familiar concept – as familiar as the rusting of steel left outside or the green patina of an old copper roof. Corrosion attack is normally seen as a non-desirable effect that causes a loss of aesthetic value and mechanical strength, although many find the patina attractive. This chapter takes those simple concepts and expands them to present the actual mechanisms involved and to relate them to what is happening in the atmosphere.
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References
References
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Sources of Additional Information
General mechanisms and metallic materials
Leygraf C. and Graedel T. E. Atmospheric Corrosion, Electrochemical Society Series, ISBN 0-471-37219-6, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000.
Metallic and non-metallic materials
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Effect of chlorides
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Effect of HNO 3
Samie F., HNO3-induced Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper, Zinc and Carbon Steel, Thesis, ISBN 91-7178-483-7, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Trends
Tidblad, J., Kucera, V., Mikhailov, A. A., Henriksen, J., Kreislova, K., Yates, T., and Singer, B., “Field Exposure Results on Trends in Atmospheric Corrosion and Pollution”, Outdoor and Indoor Atmospheric Corrosion, ASTM STP 1421, H. E. Townsend, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002.
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An excellent overview of copper and bronze corrosion chemistry vis à vis pollution is found in:
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Graedel, T.E., Nassau, K., and Franey, J.P., 1987. Copper Patinas Formed in the Atmosphere – I. Introduction . Corrosion Science, 27(7): 639–657
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Acknowledgments
The data and knowledge presented in this chapter are the result of an international co-operation between several organizations through three main efforts, the International Co-operative Programme on effects on materials including historic and cultural monuments (ICP Materials) under UNECE and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, the EU 5FP MULTI-ASSESS and the EU 6FP CULT-STRAT. In particular, the following individuals and organizations are gratefully acknowledged:
– Dagmar Knotkova and Katerina Kreislova of SVUOM, Prague, Czech Republic for providing the ICP Materials sub centre for carbon steel, weathering steel, zinc and aluminium
– Rolf Snethlage of the Bavarian State Department of Historical Monuments, Munich, Germany for providing the ICP Materials sub-centre for copper and cast bronze including pre-treated bronzes.
– Tim Yates of the Building Research Establishment (BRE), Garston, Watford, United Kingdom for providing the ICP Materials sub-centre for limestone and sandstone.
– Jan Henriksen and Terje Grøntoft of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Lilleström, Norway for providing the ICP Materials sub-centre for coil coated galvanised steel with alkyd melamine, steel panel with alkyd, wood panel with alkyd paint and wood panel with primer and acrylate and the environmental sub-centre.
– Manfred Schreiner and Michael Melcher of the Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, Austria for providing the ICP Materials sub-centre for glass materials representative of medieval stained glass windows including potash-lime-silica glass M1 (sensitive) and potash-lime-silica glass M3.
– Markus Faller and Daniel Reiss of EMPA, Corrosion/Surface Protection, Dübendorf, Switzerland, for providing the ICP Materials sub-centre for zinc.
– Stephan Fitz, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, for valuable discussions
The Swedish International development cooperation agency (SIDA) is acknowledged for financial support of the RAPIDC project and the organizations presented in Table 3.10 are gratefully acknowledged for their participation and performing all exposure in Asian and African countries.
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Tidblad, J., Kucera, V., Sherwood, S. (2009). Corrosion . In: Hamilton, R., Kucera, V., Tidblad, J., Watt, J. (eds) The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84893-8_3
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