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Clinical Nephrotoxins pp 871–879Cite as

Paraphenylene diamine hair dye poisoning

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Since 1883, paraphenylene diamine (PPD) has traditionally been used for dyeing (dark color) hair in Europe [1-2] as a fresh preparation mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [3]. In Sudan PPD is used by women to color their hair and as a body dye when added to henna ( Lawasonia alba). Henna on it’s own need to be applied two or three times for several hours to give the desired color (dark red or black). In contrast this can be achieved with one single application in less than one hour by adding PPD to the henna. The toxicity of PPD, when added to henna occurs through skin absorption. This toxicity can not be attributed to henna, (L. Alba) which is a herb used for cosmetic purposes and also used in folk medicine for the treatment of some skin diseases, as an antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent [4-5]. In Morocco, Takaout beldia indicates a non-toxic vegetable product extracted from the gallnut of Tamaris Orientalis (Figure 1). This non-toxic substance is highly appreciated by women for its hair dyeing properties. Its rarefaction resulted in the use of paraphenylene diamine as substitute under the name of Takaout Erroumia. If nowadays accidental ingestion is exceptional, its use for suicidal attempt in young women in Morocco and Tunisia is increasing [6].

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bahry Renal Centre, PO Box 1544, Kartoum North, Sudan

    Mohamed I. Hamdouk & Ahbab A. Taha

  2. Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University of Khartoum, Soba University Hospital, PO Box 8081, Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan

    Mohamed B. Abdelraheem

  3. Service de Néphrologie Quartier Des Hôpitaux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco

    Mohamed Benghanem

Authors
  1. Mohamed I. Hamdouk
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  2. Mohamed B. Abdelraheem
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  3. Ahbab A. Taha
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  4. Mohamed Benghanem
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  5. Marc E. De Broe
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Pathophysiology Universiteitsplein 1, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium

    Marc E. De Broe

  2. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97201, USA

    George A. Porter

  3. Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital, 1015 NW 22nd Avenue, W004, Portland, OR, 97201, USA

    William M. Bennett

  4. Groupe Hôspitalier Pitié Salpétrière Service De Néphrologie 83, Boulevard de l′Hôpital, Paris, F-75013, France

    Gilbert Deray

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Hamdouk, M.I., Abdelraheem, M.B., Taha, A.A., Benghanem, M., De Broe, M.E. (2008). Paraphenylene diamine hair dye poisoning. In: De Broe, M.E., Porter, G.A., Bennett, W.M., Deray, G. (eds) Clinical Nephrotoxins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84843-3_40

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84843-3_40

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