Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen, S.J. et al. Alpha(+)thalassemia protects children against disease caused by other infections as well as malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 14736–41 (1997).
Arese, P. How genetics and biology helped humanity to survive falciparum malaria. Parassitologia 48, 553–9 (2006).
Ayi, K., Turrini, F., Piga, A. and Arese, P. Enhanced phagocytosis of ring-parasitized mutant erythrocytes. A common mechanism that may explain protection against falciparum malaria in sickle trait and beta-thalassemia-trait. Blood 104, 3364–71 (2004).
Boyd, M.F. A comparative study of all aspects of this group of diseases from a global standpoint. in Malariology, Vol. 1 (ed. Boyd, M.F.) 3–25 (Saunders, Philadelphia, 1949).
Brittenham, G. et al. Alpha globin gene number: population and restriction endonuclease studies. Blood 55, 706–9 (1980).
Burton, P.R., Tobin, M.D. and Hopper, J.L. Key concepts in genetic epidemiology. Lancet 366, 941–51 (2005).
Camus, D. and Hadley, T.J. A plasmodium falciparum antigen that binds to host erythrocytes and merozoites. . Science 230, 553–6 (1985).
Cerami, C. et al. The basolateral domain of the hepatocyte plasma membrane bears receptors for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Cell 70, 1021–33 (1992).
Chen, Q., Schlichtherle, M. and Wahlgren, M. Molecular aspects of severe malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev 13, 439–50 (2000).
Cordell, H.J. and Clayton, D.G. Genetic association studies. Lancet 366, 1121–31 (2005).
Dolan, S.A., Miller, L.H. and Wellems, T.E. Evidence for a switching mechanism in the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. J Clin Invest 86, 618–24 (1990).
Dunn, F.L. On the antiquity of malaria in the Western hemisphere. Hum Biol 37, 385–93 (1965).
Flint, J. et al. High frequencies of alpha-thalassaemia are the result of natural selection by malaria. Nature 321, 744–50 (1986).
Hill, A.V. et al. Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature 352, 595–600 (1991).
Hoeprich, P.D. Host-parasite relationships and the pathogenesis of infectious disease. in Infectious diseases, Vol. 1 (ed. Hoeprich, P.D.J.M.C.) 41–53 (Lippencott, Philadelphia, 1989).
Kulozik, A.E., Kar, B.C., Serjeant, G.R., Serjeant, B.E. and Weatherall, D.J. The molecular basis of alpha thalassemia in India. Its interaction with the sickle cell gene. Blood 71, 467–72 (1988).
Kwiatkowski, D.P. How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria. Am J Hum Genet 77, 171–92 (2005).
Kwiatkowski, D.P. and Luoni, G. Host genetic factors in resistance and susceptibility to malaria. Parassitologia 48, 450–67 (2006).
Labie, D. et al. Haplotypes in tribal Indians bearing the sickle gene: evidence for the unicentric origin of the beta S mutation and the unicentric origin of the tribal populations of India. Hum Biol 61, 479–91 (1989).
Livingstone, F.B. Anthropological implications of sickle cell gene distribution in West Africa. Am J Anthropol 60, 533–62 (1958).
Livingstone, F.B. Simulation of the diffusion of the beta-globin variants in the Old World. Hum Biol 61, 297–309 (1989).
Mackinnon, M.J., Mwangi, T.W., Snow, R.W., Marsh, K. and Williams, T.N. Heritability of malaria in Africa. Plos Med 2, e340 (2005).
Mackintosh, C.L., Beeson, J.G. and Marsh, K. Clinical features and pathogenesis of severe malaria. Trends Parasitol 20, 597–603 (2004).
Maitland, K. and Marsh, K. Pathophysiology of severe malaria in children. Acta Trop 90, 131–40 (2004).
Marsh, K. Malaria – a neglected disease? Parasitology 104, S53–69 (1992).
Marsh, K. et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med 332, 1399–1404 (1995).
Marsh, K., English, M., Crawley, J. and Peshu, N. The pathogenesis of severe malaria in African children. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 90, 395–402 (1996).
May, J. et al. Hemoglobin variants and disease manifestations in severe falciparum malaria. Jama 297, 2220–6 (2007).
Mitchell, G.H., Hadley, T.J., McGinniss, M.H., Klotz, F.W. and Miller, L.H. Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites: evidence for receptor heterogeneity and two receptors. Blood 67, 1519–21 (1986).
Mockenhaupt, F.P. et al. α+thalassemia protects African children from severe malaria. Blood 104, 2003–2006 (2004).
Modiano, G. et al. Protection against malaria morbidity: near-fixation of the alpha- thalassemia gene in a Nepalese population. Am J Hum Genet 48, 390–7 (1991).
Oppenheimer, S.J. et al. The interaction of alpha thalassaemia with malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81, 322–6 (1987).
Sim, B.K., Chitnis, C.E., Wasniowska, K., Hadley, T.J. and Miller, L.H. Receptor and ligand domains for invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. Science 264, 1941–4 (1994).
Snow, R.W., Guerra, C.A., Noor, A.M., Myint, H.Y. and Hay, S.I. The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature 434, 214–7 (2005).
Terrenato, L. et al. Decreased malaria morbidity in the Tharu people compared to sympatric populations in Nepal. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 82, 1–11 (1988).
Wambua, S. et al. The effect of α+-thalassaemia on the incidence of malaria and other diseases in children living on the coast of Kenya. PLoS Med 3, 5, e158 (2006).
Weatherall, D.J. and Clegg, J.B. The thalassaemia syndromes, (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 2002).
Willcox, M., Bjorkman, A. and Brohult, J. Falciparum malaria and beta-thalassaemia trait in northern Liberia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77, 335–47 (1983).
Williams, T.N. et al. High incidence of malaria in alpha-thalassaemic children. Nature 383, 522–5 (1996).
Williams, T.N. et al. Sickle cell trait and the risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and other childhood diseases. J Infect Dis 192, 178–86 (2005a).
Williams, T.N. et al. Both heterozygous and homozygous alpha+thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya. Blood 106, 368–71 (2005b).
Williams, T.N. et al. Negative epistasis between the malaria-protective effects of α+-thalassemia and the sickle cell trait. Nat Genet 37, 1253–7 (2005c).
World_Health_Organization. Severe and complicated malaria. World Health Organization, Division of Control of Tropical Diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84 Suppl 2, 1–65 (1990).
Acknowledgments
TNW acknowledges the support of the Wellcome Trust, UK, the European Network 6 BioMalpar Consortium and the INDEPTH Network of Demographic Surveillance Sites.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Williams, T.N. (2009). Human Genetic Resistance to Malaria. In: Finn, A., Curtis, N., Pollard, A. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 634. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79838-7_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-79837-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-79838-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)