Industrial-Scale Treatment of Biological Tissues with Pulsed Electric Fields
- 7 Citations
- 1.6k Downloads
Abstract
In this section we discuss the technical requirements and perspectives for industrial-scale electroporation of plant cell tissues. Energetically it seems more favorable to apply strong fields and short pulses than weak fields and long pulses. Different generator configurations for the production of strong pulsed electric fields and the durability of their main components are considered. Schemes for the process control and the verification of the achieved degree of electroporation are examined. In the second part of this contribution we describe the status of some emerging industrial applications like sugar beet treatment, extraction of aromas, and flavors from wine grapes, and the conditioning of green biomass for energetic utilization by electroporation-assisted dewatering.
Keywords
Sugar Beet Pulse Electric Field Treatment Trigger Pulse Sugar Factory Pulse TransformerReferences
- Angersbach A, Heinz V, Knorr D (1997) Elektrische Leitfähigkeit als Maß des Zellaufschlussgrades von zellulären Materialen durch Verarbeitungsprozesse. LVT 42(4): 195–200.Google Scholar
- Angersbach A, Heinz V, Knorr D (1999) Electrophysiological model of intact and processed plant tissues: cell disintegration criteria. Biotechnol. Programm. 15: 753–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Belkin GS (1971) Dependence of electrode erosion on heat flux and duration of current flow. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 15(7): 1167–1170.Google Scholar
- Belkin GS and Kiselev VYa (1977) Effect of the medium on the electrical erosion of electrodes at high currents. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 23(1): 24–27.Google Scholar
- Bluhm H (2006) Pulsed Power Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.Google Scholar
- Borda JC (1766) Sur l’écoulement des fluids par les orifices des vases. Mém. Acad. Roy. Sciences, Année 1766: 579–607.Google Scholar
- Bouzrara H, Vorobiev E (2000) Beet juice extraction by pressing and pulsed electric fields. Int. Sugar J. 102(1216): 194–200.Google Scholar
- Bouzrara H, Vorobiev E (2001) Nicht-thermisches Pressen und Auswaschen von frischen Zuckerrübenschnitzeln kombiniert mit der Anwendung eines pulsierenden elektrischen Feldes. Zuckerindustrie 126: 463–466.Google Scholar
- Doevenspeck H (1962) Über die Beeinflussung von Zellen und Zellverbänden durch elektrostatische Impulse. Archiv für Lebensmittelhygiene 13(3): 68–69.Google Scholar
- Donaldson AL (1990) Lifetime considerations. In: Gas discharge closing switches. G. Schaefer, M. Christiansen, and A. Guenther Eds., Plenum Press, New York: 325–344.Google Scholar
- Donaldson AL (1991) Electrode erosion in high-current, high-energy transient arcs. Thesis Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas USA.Google Scholar
- Eshtiaghi M, Knorr D (2000) Anwendung elektrischer Hochspannungsimpulse zum Zellaufschluss bei der Saftgewinnung am Beispiel von Weintrauben. LVT 45(1): 23–27.Google Scholar
- Eshtiaghi M, Knorr D (2002) High electric field pulse pretreatment: potential for sugar beet processing. J. Food Eng. 52: 265–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Flaumenbaum B (1967) Anwendung der Elektroplasmolyse bei der Herstellung von Fruchtsäften. Die Lebensmittel-Industrie 8: 19–22.Google Scholar
- Frenzel S, Michelberger T, Sack M, Bluhm H, Kern M (2005) Entwicklung und Bau einer Elektroimpuls-Pilotanlage. Abschlussbericht, Förderkennzeichen 0330434, TIB-Hannover, 2005.Google Scholar
- Greenham CG (1966) The Relative Electrical Resistances of the Plasmalemma and Tonoplast in Higher Plants. Planta (Berl.) 69: 150–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Haufe W, Reichel W, Schreiner H (1972) Losses of varying types of CuW sintered impregnation material in the air at high current levels. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 63(10): 651–654.Google Scholar
- Jemai A, Vorobiev E (2003) Enhanced leaching from sugar beet cossettes by pulsed electric fields. J. Food Eng. 59: 405–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kind D (1958) Die Aufbaufläche bei Stoßspannungsbeanspruchung technischer Elektrodenanordnungen in Luft. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift 79(3): 65–69.Google Scholar
- Lebovka N, Bazhal M, Vorobiev E (2000) Simulation and experimental investigation of food material breakage using pulsed electric field treatment. J. Food Eng. 44: 213–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lebovka N, Bazhal M, Vorobiev E (2001) Pulsed electric field breakage of cellular tissues: Visualisation of percolative properties. Innov. Food Sci. Emerging Technol. 2: 113–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marx E (1923) Verfahren zur Schlagprüfung von Isolatoren und anderen elektrischen Vorrichtungen. German Patent 455933.Google Scholar
- Marx E (1924) Versuche über die Prüfung von Isolatoren mit Spannungsstößen. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift 25: 652–654.Google Scholar
- Sack M, and Bluhm H (2005) Long-term Test of a Triggered Marx Generator, Proc. Pulsed Power Conference 2005, Monterey, DVD-ROM.Google Scholar
- Sack M and Bluhm H New Measurement Methods for an Industrial Scale Electroporation Faciltity for Sugar Beets, Proc. OPTIM 2006, Vol. 1 pp. 135–140, Brasov, Romania, May 18–19, 2006. Google Scholar
- Sack M , Eing C, Buth L, Berghöfer Th, Frey W, Bluhm H (2007) Electroporation as an optimizing step in the drying of green biomass, Proc. Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Conference, Albuquerque 2007, DVD-ROM.Google Scholar
- Sack M, Schultheiss C, Bluhm H (2003) Wear-less Trigger Method for Marx Generators in Repetitive Operation. 14th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Dallas, Tex., June 15–18, 2003.Google Scholar
- Sack M , Schultheiss C, and Bluhm H (2005) Triggered Marx Generators for the Industrial-Scale Electroporation of Sugar Beets. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 41(3): 707–714.Google Scholar
- Scheffer K (2003) Der Anbau von Energiepflanzen als Chance einer weitere Ökologisierung der Landnutzung, Mitt. Ges. Pflanzenbauwiss. 14: 114–119.Google Scholar
- Schiweck H, Clarke M (2001) In: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2001 Electronic Release, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.Google Scholar
- Schultheiss C, Bluhm H, Mayer H, Kern M, Michelberger T, Witte G (2002) Processing of sugar beets with pulsed electric fields. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science 30(4): 1547–1551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schultheiss C, Bluhm H, Mayer H-G, Sack M, Kern M (2004) Die Wirkungsweise der Elektroporation und die Entwicklung industrieller Anlagen. Zuckerindustrie 129(1): 40–44.Google Scholar
- Sigler J, Schultheiss C, Kern M (2005) Maischeporation – ein neuer Weg der Weinbereitung. Schweiz. Z. Obst-Weinbau 16: 14–16.Google Scholar
- Tedjo W, Eshtiaghi M, Knorr D (2002) Einsatz nicht-thermischer Verfahren zur Zell-Permeabilisierung von Weintrauben und Gewinnung von Inhaltsstoffen. Flüssiges Obst 9: 578–583.Google Scholar
- Tsukamoto S, Maeda T, Ikeda M, and Akiyama H (2003) Application of pulsed power to mushroom culturing. Proc. 14th Pulsed Power Conference, pp. 1116–1119, Dallas 2003.Google Scholar
- Zingerman AG (1960) Thermal theory of the electrical erosion of metals. Electrom. 5(1): 1427–1485.Google Scholar