Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metabolite Measurements

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Plant Metabolic Networks

Metabolites are the products of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur naturally within living cells. Metabolites are synthesized by the cell for the purpose of performing a useful, if not indispensable, function in the maintenance and survival of the cells by, for example, contributing to its infrastructure or energy requirements. To do so, they have to be recognized and acted upon by enzymes, which will change the properties of the metabolites by means of a chemical reaction. Therefore, the properties of metabolites and their functionality as they interact within their natural environment determine the chemistry of life. Thus, it can be argued that the metabolome in a biological system represents the final result of the expression of multiple genes in a cell. The analysis of metabolites has been an important part of any biological sciences. A large number of technologies have been developed for the analysis of metabolites in order to study metabolism in great detail. Today, the accumulation and combination of knowledge on analytical biochemistry from the last 50 years is commonly called metabolomics, and large investments are made to its application toward developments of new technologies with greater sensitivity, comprehensiveness, robustness, and higher throughput.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abdi H (2007) Bonferroni and Sidak corrections for multiple comparisons. In: Salkind NJ (ed.) Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aharoni A, de Vos CHR, Verhoeven HA, Maliepaard CA, Kruppa G, Bino RJ, Goodenowe DB (2002) Nontargeted metabolome analysis by use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. Omics 6:217–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arlt K, Brandt S, Kehr J (2001) Amino acid analysis in five pooled single plant cell samples using capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatography A 926:319–325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Baker JM, Hawkins ND, Ward JL, Lovegrove A, Napier JA, Shewry PR, Beale MH (2006) A metabolomic study of substantial equivalence of field-grown genetically modified wheat. Plant Biotechnol J 4:381–392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Birkemeyer C, Kopka J (2007) Design of metabolite recovery by variations of the metabolite profiling protocol. In: Nikolau BJ (ed.) Proceedings of the 3rd Congress on Plant Metabolomics. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Block E, Naganathan S, Putman D, Zhao SH (1992) Allium chemistry – HPLC analysis of thiosulfinates from onion, garlic, wild garlic (Ramsoms), leek, scallion, shallot, elephant (Great-Headed) garlic, chive, and Chinese chive – Uniquely high allyl to methyl ratios in some garlic samples. J Agric Food Chem 40:2418–2430.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bohnert HJ, Jensen RG (1996) Strategies for engineering water-stress tolerance in plants. Trends Biotechnol 14:89–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Böttcher C, van Roepenack-Lahaye E, Willscher E, Scheel D, Clemens S (2007) Evaluation of matrix effects in metabolite profiling based on capillary liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 79: 1507–1513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Broadhurst D, Kell DB (2006) Statistical strategies for avoiding false discoveries in metabolomics and related experiments. Metabolomics 2:171–196.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Broeckling CD, Huhman DV, Farag MA, Smith JT, May GD, Mendes P, Dixon RA, Sumner LW (2005) Metabolic profiling of Medicago truncatula cell cultures reveals the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on metabolism. J Exp Bot 56:323–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Broeckling CD, Reddy IR, Duran AL, Zhao X, Sumner LW (2006) MET-IDEA: Data extraction tool for mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Anal Chem 78:4334–4341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brown M, Dunn WB, Ellis DI, Goodacre R, Handl J, Knowles JD, O’Hagan S, Spasic I, Kell DB (2004) A metabolome pipeline: from concept to data to knowledge. Metabolomics 1:39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bruins AP, Covey TR, Henion JD (1987) Ion spray interface for combined liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 59:2642–2646.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Burrell MM, Earnshaw CJ, Clench MR (2006) Imaging matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry: a technique to map plant metabolites within tissues at high spatial resolution. J Exp Bot 58:757–763.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cairns AJ (1992) A reconsideration of fructan biosynthesis in storage roots of Asparagus-officinalis L. New Phytol 120:463–473.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Catchpole GS, Beckmann M, Enot DP, Mondhe M, Zywicki B, Taylor J, Hardy N, Smith A, King RD, Kell DB, Fiehn O, Draper J (2005) Hierarchical metabolomics demonstrates substantial compositional similarity between genetically modified and conventional potato crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:11458–14462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Clark JM, Daum KA, Kalivas JH (2003) Demonstrated potential of ion mobility spectrometry for detection of adulterated perfumes and plant speciation. Anal Lett 36:215–244.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Colebatch G, Desbrosses G, Ott T, Krusell L, Montanari O, Kloska S, Kopka J, Udvardi MK (2004) Global changes in transcription orchestrate metabolic differentiation during symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus. Plant J 39:487–512.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cook D, Fowler S, Fiehn O, Thomashow MF (2004) A prominent role for the CBF cold response pathway in configuring the low-temperature metabolome of Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:15243–15248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. De Luca V, St Pierre B (2000) The cell and developmental biology of alkaloid biosynthesis. Trends Plant Sci 361:168–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dunn WB, Ellis DI (2005) Metabolomics: Current analytical platforms and methodologies. Trends Anal Chem 24:285–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Duran AL, Yang J, Wang L, Sumner LW (2003) Metabolomics spectral formatting, alignment and conversion tools (MSFACTs). Bioinformatics 19:2283–2293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Edwards EL, Rodrigues JA, Feffeira J, Goodall DM, Rauter AP, Justino J, Thomas-Oates J (2006) Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry characterisation of secondary metabolites from the antihyperglycaemic plant Genista tenera. Electrophoresis 27:2164–2170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Eneroth P, Hellström K, Ryhage R (1964) Identification and quantification of neutral fecal steroids by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry: studies of human excretion during two dietary regimens. J Lipid Res 5:245–262.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Stitt M (2005) Flux an important, but neglected, component of functional glenomics. Current Opin Plant Biol 8:174–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fiehn O (2001) Combining genomics, metabolome analysis, and biochemical modelling to understand metabolic networks. Comp Funct Genomics 2:155–168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fiehn O (2002) Metabolomics – the link between genotypes and phenotypes. Plant Mol Biol 48:155–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fiehn O (2006) Metabolite Profiling in Arabidopsis. In: Salinas J, Sanchez-Serrano JJ (eds) Arabidopsis Protocols 2nd edition. Methods in Molecular Biology (323), Humana Press, Totowa NJ, pp. 439–447.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Fiehn O, Kopka J, Dörmann P, Altmann T, Trethewey RN, Willmitzer L (2000) Metabolite profiling for plant functional genomics. Nat Biotechnol 18:1157–1161.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Friedman M, Dao L (1992) Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato plants and commercial potato products. J Agricult Food Chem 40:419–423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gibon Y, Blaesing OE, Hannemann J, Carillo P, Höhne M, Hendriks JHM, Palacios N, Cross J, Selbig J, Stitt M (2004) A robot-based platform to measure multiple enzyme activities in Arabidopsis using a set of cycling assays: Comparison of changes of enzyme activities and transcript levels during diurnal cycles and in prolonged darkness. Plant Cell 16:3304–3325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gibon Y, Usadel B, Blaesing OE, Kamlage B, Hoehne M, Trethewey RN, Stitt M (2006) Integration of metabolite with transcript and enzyme activity profiling during diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis rosettes. Genome Biol 7:R76.1–R76.23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gibon Y, Vigeolas H, Tiessen A, Geigenberger P, Stitt M (2002) Sensitive and high throughput metabolite assays for inorganic pyrophosphate, ADPGlc, nucleotide phosphates, and glycolytic intermediates based on a novel enzymic cycling system. Plant J 30:221–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Goffard N, Weiller G (2006) Extending MapMan: application to legume genome arrays. Bioinformatics 22:2958–2959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gong Q, Li P, Ma S, Rupassara SI, Bohnert HJ (2005) Salinity stress adaptation competence in the extremophile Thellungiella halophila in comparison with its relative Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 44:826–839.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Goodacre R (2005) Metabolomics – the way forward. Metabolomics 1:1–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Goodacre R, Vaidyanathan S, Dunn WB, Harrigan GG, Kell DB (2004) Metabolomics by numbers: acquiring and understanding global metabolite data. Trends Biotechnol 22: 245–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Griffin JL, Nicholls AW, Keun HC, Mortishire-Smith RJ, Nicholson JK, Kuehn T (2002) Metabolic profiling of rodent biological fluids via 1H NMR spectroscopy using a 1 mm microlitre probe. Analyst 127:582–584.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hackel A, Schauer N, Carrari F, Fernie AR, Grimm B, Kuhn C (2006) Sucrose transporter LeSUT1 and LeSUT2 inhibition affects tomato fruit development in different ways. Plant J 45:180–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hall RD (2006) Plant metabolomics: from holistic hope, to hype, to hot topic. New Phytol 169:453–468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hodisan T, Culea M, Cimpoiu C, Cot A (1998) Separation, identification and quantitative determination of free amino acids from plant extracts. J Pharmaceutical Biomed Anal 18:319–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Huhman DV, Sumner LW (2002) Metabolic profiling of saponins in Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula using HPLC coupled to an electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometer. Phytochemistry 59:347–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Ikonomou MG, Blades AT, Kebarle P (1990) Investigations of the electrospray interface for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 62:957–967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Jacobs A, Lunde C, Bacic A, Tester M, Roessner U (2007) The impact of constitutive expression of a moss Na+ transporter on the metabolomes of rice and barley. Metabolomics 3: 307–317.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Jewett MC, Hansen ME, Nielsen J (2007) Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolomics: a driver for developing integrative analytical tools for discerning metabolic function. In: Jewett MC, Nielsen J (eds) Metabolomics. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Junker BH, Klukas C, Schreiber F (2006) VANTED: A system for advanced data analysis and visualization in the context of biological networks. BMC Bioinformatics 7: 109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kaplan F, Kopka J, Haskell DW, Zhao W, Schiller KC, Gatzke N, Sung DY, Guy CL (2004) Exploring the temperature-stress metabolome of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 136: 4159–4168.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Katajamaa M, Miettinen J, Orešic M. (2006) MZmine: toolbox for processing and visualization of mass spectrometry based molecular profile data. Bioinformatics 22:634–636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Katona ZF, Sass P, Molnár-Perl I (1999) Simultaneous determination of sugars, sugar alcohols, acids and amino acids in apricots by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromat A 847:91–102.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Keurentjes JJB, Fu J, de Vos CHR, Lommen A, Hall RD, Bino RJ, van der Plas LHW, Jansen RC, Vreugdenhil D, Koornneef M (2006) The genetics of plant metabolism. Nat Gen 38:842–849.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kopka J, Schauer N, Krueger S, Birkemeyer C, Usadel B, Bergmüller E, Dörmann P, Weckwerth W, Gibon Y, Stitt M, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR, Steinhauser D (2005) GMD@CSB.DB: the Golm metabolome database. Bioinformatics 21:1635–1638.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Krishnan P, Kruger NJ, Ratcliffe RG (2005) Metabolite fingerprinting and profiling in plants using NMR. J Exp Bot 56:255–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kristensen C, Morant M, Olsen CE, Ekstrøm CT, Galbraith DW, Møller BL, Bak S (2006) Metabolic engineering of dhurrin in transgenic Arabidopsis plants with marginal inadvertent effects on the metabolome and transcriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:1779–1784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Lindon JC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK (2003) So what’s the deal with metabonomics? Anal Chem 75:384A–391A.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Luedemann A, Weicht D, Selbig J, Kopka J (2004) PaVESy: pathway visualization and editing system. Bioinformatics 20:2841–2844.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Matz LM, Dion HM, Hill HH (2002) Evaluation of capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry detection. J Chromat A 946:59–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Meyer R, Wagner KG (1985) Determination of nucleotide pools in plant-tissue by high-performance liquid-chromatography. Anal Biochem 148:269–276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Moco S, Bino RJ, Vorst O, Verhoeven HA, de Groot J, van Beek TA, Vervoort J, de Vos CHR (2006) A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome database for tomato. Plant Physiol 141:1205–1218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Molnár-Perl I, Füzfai Z (2005) Chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic and capillary electrochromatographic techniques in the analysis of flavonoids. J Chromat A 1073: 201–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Oikawa A, Nakamura Y, Oqura T, Kimura A, Suzuki H, Sakurai N, Shinbo Y, Shibata D, Kanaya S, Ohta D (2006) Clarification of pathway-specific inhibition by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/mass spectrometry-based metabolic phenotyping studies. Plant Physiol 142:398–413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Oksman-Caldentey K-M, Inzé D (2004) Plant cell factories in the post-genomic era: new ways to produce designer secondary metabolites. Trends Plant Sci 9:433–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Oliver SG, Winson MK, Kell DB, Baganz F (1998) Systematic functional analysis of the yeast genome. Trends Biotechnol 16:373–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Paley SM, Karp PD (2006) The pathway tools cellular overview diagram and Omics viewer. Nucleic Acid Res 34:3771–3778.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Patrick JW (1997) Phloem unloading: Sieve element unloading and post-sieve element transport. Annual Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48:191–222.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ramautar R, Demirci A, de Jong GJ (2006) Capillary electrophoresis in metabolomics. Trends Anal Chem 25:455–466.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Ratcliffe RG, Shachar-Hill Y (2005) Revealing metabolic phenotypes in plants: inputs from NMR analysis. Biol Rev Cambridge Phil Soc 80:27–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Rathinasabapathi B (2000) Metabolic engineering for stress tolerance: Installing osmoprotectant synthesis pathways. Annals Bot 86:709–716.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Roessner-Tunali U, Hegemann B, Lytovchenko A, Carrari F, Bruedigam C, Granot D, Fernie AR (2003a) Metabolic profiling of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing hexokinase reveals that the influence of hexose phosphorylation diminishes during fruit development. Plant Physiol 133:84–99.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Roessner-Tunali U, Lui J, Leisse A, Balbo I, Perez-Melis A, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR (2004) Flux analysis of organic and amino acid metabolism in potato tubers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following incubation in 13C labelled isotopes. Plant J 39:668–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Roessner-Tunali U, Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Czechowski T, Kolbe A, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR (2003b) De novo amino acid biosynthesis in potato tubers is regulated by sucrose levels. Plant Physiol 133:683–692.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Roessner U, Luedemann A, Brust D, Fiehn O, Linke T, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR (2001) Metabolic profiling allows comprehensive phenotyping of genetically or environmentally modified plant systems. Plant Cell 13:11–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Roessner U, Patterson JH, Forbes MG, Fincher GB, Langridge P, Bacic A (2006) An investigation of boron toxicity in barley using metabolomics. Plant Physiol 142:1087–1101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Roscher A, Emsley L, Raymond P, Roby C (1998) Unidirectional steady state rates of central metabolism enzymes measured simultaneously in a living plant tissue. J Biol Chem 273:25053–25061.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Saito K, Dixon RA, Willmitzer L (2006) Plant Metabolomics, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, Springer-Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  75. Sato S, Soga T, Nishioka T, Tomita M (2004) Simultaneous determination of the main metabolites in rice leaves using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis diode array detection. Plant J 40:151–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Schauer N, Semel Y, Roessner U, Gur A, Balbo I, Carrari F, Pleban T, Perez-Melis A, Bruedigam C, Kopka J, Willmitzer L, Zamir D, Fernie AR (2006) Comprehensive metabolic profiling and phenotyping of interspecific introgression lines for tomato improvement. Nature Biotechnol 24:447–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Schwender J, Ohlrogge J, Shachar-Hill Y (2004) Understanding flux in plant metabolic networks. Current Opin Plant Biol 7:309–317.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Shulaev V, Cortes D, Miller G, Mittler R (2008) Metabolomics for plant stress response. Physiol. Plant 132:199–208.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Smith, CA, Want EJ, O’Maille G, Abagyan R, Siuzdak G (2006) XCMS: processing mass spectrometry data for metabolite profiling using nonlinear peak alignment, matching, and identification. Anal Chem 78:779–787.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Soga T, Heiger DN (2000) Amino acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 72:1236–1241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Stein SE (1999) An Integrated Method for Spectrum Extraction and compound identification from GC/MS data. J Amer Soc Mass Spectrom 10:770–781.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Stoop JMH, Williamson JD, Pharr DM (1996) Mannitol metabolism in plants: a method for coping with stress. Trends Plant Sci 1:139–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Styczynski MP, Moxley JF, Tong LV, Walther JL, Jensen KL, Stephanopoulos GN (2007) Systematic identification of conserved metabolites in GC/MS Data for metabolomics and biomarker discovery. Anal Chem 79:966–973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Sumner LW, Mendes P, Dixon RA (2003) Plant metabolomics: large-scale phytochemistry in the functional genomics era. Phytochemistry 62:817–836.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Tang KQ, Li FM, Shvartsburg AA, Strittmatter EF, Smith RD (2005) Two-dimensional gas-phase separations coupled to mass spectrometry for analysis of complex mixtures. Anal Chem 77:6381–6388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Tarpley L, Duran AL, Kebrom TH, Sumner LW (2005) Biomarker metabolites capturing the metabolite variance present in a rice plant developmental period. BMC Plant Biol 5:8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Thimm O, Bläsing O, Gibon Y, Nagel A, Meyer S, Krüger P, Selbig J, Müller LA, Rhee SY, Stitt M (2004) MAPMAN: a user-driven tool to display genomics data sets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways and other biological processes. Plant J 37:914–939.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Tohge T, Nishiyama Y, Hirai MY, Yano M, Nakajima J-I, Awazuhara M, Inoue E, Takahashi H, Goodenowe DB, Kitayama M, Noji M, Yamazaki M, Saito K (2005) Functional genomics by integrated analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of Arabidopsis plants over-expressing an MYB transcription factor. Plant J 42:218–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Tolstikov VV, Fiehn O (2002) Analysis of highly polar compounds of plant origin: combination of hydrophilic interaction chromatography and elctrospray ion mass trap spectrometry. Anal Biochem 301:298–307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Trethewey RN (2004) Metabolite profiling as an aid to metabolic engineering in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:196–201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Usadel B, Thimm O, Nunes-Nesi A, Carrari F, Davy M, Bläsing O, Kowalczyk M, Weicht D, Polinceusz A, Meyer S, Stitt M, Fernie AR (2006) Conversion of MapMan to allow the analysis of transcript data from Solanaceous species: Effects of genetic and environmental alterations in energy metabolism in the leaf. Plant Mol Biol 60:773–792.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Urbanczyk-Wochniak E, Sumner LW (2007) MedicCyc: a biochemical pathway database for Medicago truncatula. Bioinformatics 23:1418–1423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Valentine SJ, Kulchania M, Barnes CAS, Clemmer DE (2001) Multidimensional separations of complex peptide mixtures: a combined high-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach. Internat J Mass Spectrom 212:97–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Valentine SJ, Liu XY, Plasencia MD, Hilderbrand AE, Kurulugama RT, Koeniger SL, Clemmer DE (2005) Developing liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectometry techniques. Exp Rev Proteomics 2:553–565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Verpoorte R (1998) Exploration of nature’s chemodiversity: the role of secondary metabolites as leads in drug development. Drug Discovery Today 3:232–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Villas-Bôas SG, Roessner U, Hansen M, Smedsgaard J, Nielsen J (2007) Metabolome Analysis: An Introduction, New Jersey, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Wagner C, Sefkow M, Kopka J (2003) Construction and application of a mass spectral and retention time index database generated from plant GC/EI-TOF-MS metabolite profiles. Phytochemistry 62:887–900.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wang SY, Kuo YH, Chang HN, Kang PL, Tsay HS, Lin KF, Yang NS, Shyur LF (2002) Profiling and characterization antioxidant activities in Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata. J Agricult Food Chem 50:1859–1865.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Williams BJ, Cameron CJ, Workman R, Broeckling CD, Sumner LW, Smith JT (2007) Amino acid profiling in plant cell cultures: An inter-laboratory comparison of CE-MS and GC-MS. Electrophoresis 28:1371–1379.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Wurtele ES, Li J, Diao L, Zhang H, Foster CM, Fatland B, Dickerson J, Brown A, Cox Z, Cook D, Lee E-K, Hoffman H (2003) MetNet: software to build and model the biogenetic lattice of Arabidopsis. Comp Funct Genomics 4:239–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Yamashita M, Fenn JB (1984) Electrospray ion source. Another variation on the free-jet theme. J Phys Chem 88:4451–4459.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Yancey PH (2005) Organic osmolytes as compatible, metabolic and counteracting cytoprotectants in high osmolarity and other stresses. J Exp Biol 208:2819–2830.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Zhao Q, Stoyanova R, Du S, Sajda P, Brown TR (2006) HiRes – a tool for comprehensive assessment and interpretation of metabolomic data. Bioinformatics 22:2562–2564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zywicki B, Catchpole G, Draper J, Fiehn O (2005) Comparison of rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of glycoalkaloids in transgenic field-grown potatoes. Anal Biochem 336:178–186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Botany, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Australia

    Ute Roessner

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, The University of Melbourne, 133 Asmundson Hall, One Shields Avenue, Mail Stop 3, Davis, CA 95616, USA

    Diane M. Beckles

Authors
  1. Ute Roessner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Diane M. Beckles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ute Roessner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

    About this chapter

    Cite this chapter

    Roessner, U., Beckles, D.M. (2009). Metabolite Measurements. In: Schwender, J. (eds) Plant Metabolic Networks. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78745-9_3

    Download citation

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation