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Molecular Mechanisms of Parasite Invasion pp 121–139Cite as

Roles of Proteases during Invasion and Egress by Plasmodium and Toxoplasma

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Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 47))

Abstract

Apicomplexan pathogens replicate exclusively within the confines of a host cell. Entry into (invasion) and exit from (egress) these cells requires an array of specialized parasite molecules, many of which have long been considered to have potential as targets of drug or vaccine-based therapies. In this chapter the authors discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the role of parasite proteolytic enzymes in these critical steps in the life cycle of two clinically important apicomplexan genera, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. At least three distinct proteases of the cysteine mechanistic class have been implicated in egress of the malaria parasite from cells of its vertebrate and insect host. In contrast, the bulk of the evidence indicates a prime role for serine proteases of the subtilisin and rhomboid families in invasion by both parasites. Whereas proteases involved in egress may function predominantly to degrade host cell structures, proteases involved in invasion probably act primarily as maturases and’ sheddases’, required to activate and ultimately remove ligands involved in interactions with the host cell.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK

    Timothy J. Dowse

  2. Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK

    Konstantinos Koussis & Michael J. Blackman

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Dominique Soldati-Favre

  4. Département de Microbiologie et Medecine Moléculaire, Falculté de Medecine, Université de Genève, CMU, Rue Michel Servet 1, Genève, Switzerland

    Dominique Soldati-Favre

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  1. Timothy J. Dowse
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  2. Konstantinos Koussis
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  3. Michael J. Blackman
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  4. Dominique Soldati-Favre
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Correspondence to Dominique Soldati-Favre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Barbara A. Burleigh PhD

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK

    Dominique Soldati-Favre PhD

  3. Département de Microbiologie et Medecine Moléculaire, Université de Genève, Geneve, Switzerland

    Dominique Soldati-Favre PhD

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Dowse, T.J., Koussis, K., Blackman, M.J., Soldati-Favre, D. (2008). Roles of Proteases during Invasion and Egress by Plasmodium and Toxoplasma . In: Burleigh, B.A., Soldati-Favre, D. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Parasite Invasion. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 47. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78267-6_10

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