Skip to main content

Respiratory Failure

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 4749 Accesses

Abstract

Define respiratory failure. Classify respiratory failure into hypoxemic or hypercapnic subtypes. Recognize the signs and symptoms of respiratory failure. Define the alveolar gas equation and apply it to evaluate respiratory failure. Recognize the changes in blood gases that accompany respiratory failure. Know the major treatment strategies for respiratory failure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Decramer M, Roussos C. Treatment of respiratory failure: introduction. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;47:1s-2s.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Roussos C. Respiratory muscle fatigue and ventilatory failure. Chest. 1990;97:89S-96S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Roussos C. The failing ventilatory pump. Lung. 1982;160:59-84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Roussos C, Koutsoukou A. Respiratory failure. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;47:3s-14s.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Roussos C, Macklem PT. The respiratory muscles. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:786-797.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Roussos C, Zakynthinos S. Fatigue of the respiratory muscles. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:134-155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Vassilakopoulos T, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. Respiratory muscles and ventilatory failure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 1996;51:489-498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fleury B, Murciano D, Talamo C, Aubier M, Pariente R, Milic-Emili J. Work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985;131:822-827.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kennedy JD, Martin AJ. Chronic respiratory failure and neuromuscular disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56:261-273, xii.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Murciano D, Aubier M, Bussi S, Derenne JP, Pariente R, Milic-Emili J. Comparison of esophageal, tracheal, and mouth occlusion pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126:837-841.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Murciano D, Boczkowski J, Lecocguic Y, Emili JM, Pariente R, Aubier M. Tracheal occlusion pressure: a simple index to monitor respiratory muscle fatigue during acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:800-805.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Murciano D, Aubier M, Derenne JP. Assessment of respiratory control in hypercapnic patients (author’s transl). Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir. 1979;15(Suppl):233-243.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Milic-Emili J, Aubier M. Some recent advances in the study of the control of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Anesth Analg. 1980;59:865-873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mentzelopoulos SD, Roussos C, Zakynthinos SG. Static pressure volume curves and body posture in acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:1683-1692.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Roussos C, Aubier M. Neural drive and electromechanical alterations in the fatiguing diaphragm. Ciba Found Symp. 1981;82: 213-233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Aubier M, Farkas G, De Troyer A, Mozes R, Roussos C. Detection of diaphragmatic fatigue in man by phrenic stimulation. J Appl Physiol. 1981;50:538-544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cohen CA, Zagelbaum G, Gross D, Roussos C, Macklem PT. Clinical manifestations of inspiratory muscle fatigue. Am J Med. 1982;73:308-316.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Aubier M, Murciano D, Lecocguic Y, et al. Effect of hypophosphatemia on diaphragmatic contractility in patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:420-424.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Aubier M, Lecocguic Y, Murciano D, Pariente R. Function of the respiratory muscles in acute cardiac decompensation. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1985;115:190-193.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Aubier M, Trippenbach T, Roussos C. Respiratory muscle fatigue during cardiogenic shock. J Appl Physiol. 1981;51:499-508.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Aubier M, De Troyer A, Sampson M, Macklem PT, Roussos C. Aminophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:249-252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Aubier M. Pharmacotherapy of respiratory muscles. Clin Chest Med. 1988;9:311-324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Aubier M, Murciano D, Viires N, et al. Effects of digoxin on diaphragmatic strength generation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;135:544-548.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Aubier M, Murciano D, Menu Y, Boczkowski J, Mal H, Pariente R. Dopamine effects on diaphragmatic strength during acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:17-23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Vires N, Aubier M, Murciano D, Fleury B, Talamo C, Pariente R. Effects of aminophylline on diaphragmatic fatigue during acute respiratory failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:396-402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Aubier M. Pharmacological treatment of respiratory insufficiency. Recenti Prog Med. 1990;81:193-199.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dantsker MD, David R. Pulmonary gas exchange. In: Bone R, ed. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. St. Louis: Mosby; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Murray JF. The Normal Lung. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1976:224.

    Google Scholar 

Additional Reading

  • Roussos C. Ventilatory failure and respiratory muscles. In: Roussos C, Macklem PT, eds. The Thorax. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1985:884-888.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roussos C, Koutsoukou A. Respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2003;22(suppl 47):3S-14S.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grippi M. Acute respiratory failure: introduction. In: Fishman AP, ed. Pulmonary Disease and Disorders. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008:2185-2188.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeTroyer A, Estenne M. The respiratory system in neuromuscular disorders. In: Roussos C, ed. Thorax. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1995 (part C):2177-2212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calverley P, Gorini M. Chronic respiratory failure. In: Ambrosino N, Goldstein R, eds. Ventilatory Support for Chronic Respiratory Failure. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Criner, G.J. (2010). Respiratory Failure. In: Criner, G., Barnette, R., D'Alonzo, G. (eds) Critical Care Study Guide. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-77327-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-77452-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics