Abstract
Total tissue perfusion relies on adequate arterial oxygen saturation, cardiac output, and hemoglobin concentration, and global perfusion is usually assessed by calculation of the oxygen delivery index (DO2I) [1]. More than 20 years ago Shoemaker et al. reported that perioperative alterations in DO2 were closely correlated to the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) and death [2]. Since then goal-directed therapy, defined as the use of the cardiac output or a surrogate to guide intravenous fluid and inotropic therapy, has been used in an attempt to improve outcome in surgical patients [1].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Tote SP, Grounds RM (2006) Performing perioperative optimization of the high-risk surgical patient. Br J Anaesth 97:4–11
Shoemaker WC, Montgomery ES, Kaplan E, Elwyn DW (1993) Physiologic patterns in surviving and nonsurviving shock patients. Use of sequential cardiorespiratory variables in defining criteria for therapeutic goals and early warning of death. Arch Surg 106:630–636
Meregalli A, Oliveira RP, Friedman G (2004) Occult hypoperfusion is associated with increased mortality in hemodynamically stable, high-risk, surgical patients. Crit Care 8: R60–65
McNelis J, Marini CP, Jurkiewicz A, et al (2001) Prolonged lactate clearance is associated with increased mortality in the surgical intensive care unit. Am J Surg 182:481–485
Rady MY, Rivers EP, Nowak RM (1996) Resuscitation of the critically ill in the ED: responses of blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, central venous oxygen saturation, and lactate. Am J Emerg Med 14:218–225
Shires GT, Brown F (1961) Acute changes in extracellular fluids associated with major surgical procedures. Ann Surg 154:803–810
Brandstrup B, Svensen C, Engquist A (2006) Hemorrhage and operation cause a contraction of the extracellular space needing replacement — evidence and implications? A systematic review. Surgery 139:419–432
Vincent JL, Weil MH (2006) Fluid challenge revisited. Crit Care Med 34:1333–1337
Mythen MG, Webb AR (1995) Perioperative plasma volume expansion reduces the incidence of gut mucosal hypoperfusion during cardiac surgery. Arch Surg 130:423–429
Gan TJ, Soppitt A, Maroof M, et al (2002) Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery. Anesthesiology 97:820–826
Sinclair S, James S, Singer M (1997) Intraoperative intravascular volume optimization and length of stay after repair of proximal femoral fracture: Randomized control trial. BMJ 315:909–912
Venn R, Steele A, Richardson P, Poloniecki J, Grounds M, Newman P (2002) Randomized controlled trial to investigate influence of the fluid challenge on duration of hospital stay and perioperative morbidity in patients with hip fractures. Br J Anaesth 88:65–71
McKendry M, McGloin H, Saberi D, Caudwell L, Brady AR, Singer M (2004) Randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of a nurse delivered, flow monitored protocol for optimisation of circulatory status after cardiac surgery. BMJ 329:258
Polenen P, Ruokonen E, Hippelainen M, Pöyhönen M, Takala J (2000) A prospective randomized study of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg 90:1052–1059
Conway DH, Mayall R, Abdul-Latif MS, Gilligan S, Tackaberry C (2002) Randomised controlled trial investigating the influence of intravenous fluid titration using oesophageal Doppler monitoring during bowel surgery. Anaesthesia 57:845–849
Solus-Biguenet H, Fleyfel M, Tavernier B, et al (2006) Non-invasive prediction of fluid responsiveness during major hepatic surgery. Br J Anaesth 97:808–816
Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, Waxman K, Lee TS (1988) Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 94: 1176–1186
Boyd O, Grounds M, Bennett D (1993) Preoperative increase of oxygen delivery reduces mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 270:2699–2707
Wilson J, Woods I, Fawcett J, et al (1999) Reducing the risk of major surgery: Randomized controlled trial of preoptimization of oxygen delivery. BMJ 318:1099–1103
Lobo SMA, Salgado PF, Castillo VGT, et al (2000) Effects of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality in high risk surgical patients. Crit Care Med 28:3396–3404
Berlauk JF, Abrams JH, Gilmour IJ, O’Connor SR, Knighton DR, Cerra FB (1991) Pre-operative optimization of cardiovascular hemodynamics improves outcome in peripheral vascular surgery. Ann Surg 214:289–297
Bender JS, Smith-Meek MA, Jones CE (1997) Routine pulmonary artery catheterization does not reduce morbidity and mortality of elective vascular surgery: results of a prospective, randomized trial. Ann Surg 226:229–236
Valentine RJ, Duke ML, Inman MH, et al (1998) Effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in aortic surgery: A randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 27:203–212
Ziegler DW, Wright JG, Choban PS, Flancbaum L (1997) A prospective randomized trial of preoperative “optimization” of cardiac function in patients undergoing elective peripheral vascular surgery. Surgery 122:584–592
Lopes M, Lopes MR, Oliveira MA, et al (2007) Goal-directed fluid management based on pulse pressure variation monitoring during high-risk surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 11:R100
Pearse R, Dawson D, Fawcett J, Rhodes A, Grounds RM, Bennett ED (2005) Early goaldirected therapy after major surgery reduces complications and duration of hospital stay. A randomised, controlled trial [ISRCTN38797445]. Crit Care 9:R687–693
Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cocanour C, et al (2003) Supranormal trauma resuscitation causes more cases of abdominal compartment syndrome. Arch Surg 138:637–643
Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, et al (1995) A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. SvO2 Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 333:1025–1032
Pinsky MR (2007) Heart failure as a co-morbidity in the ICU. In: J L Vincent (ed) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 110–118
Kern JW, Shoemaker WC (2002) Meta-analysis of hemodynamic optimization in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 30:1686–1692
Older P, Hall A, Hader R (1999) Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a screening test for perioperative management of major surgery in the elderly. Chest 116:355–362
Toller WG; Metzler H (2005) Acute perioperative heart failure. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 18: 129–135
Lobo SM, Lobo FR, Polachini CA, et al (2006) Prospective, randomized trial comparing fluids and dobutamine optimization of oxygen delivery in high-risk surgical patients [ISRCTN42445141]. Crit Care 10:R72
Svensen CH, Olsson J, Hahn R (2006) Intravascular fluid administration and hemodynamic performance during open abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 103:671–676
De Backer D, Creteur J, Dubois MJ, et al (2006) The effects of dobutamine on microcirculatory alterations in patients with septic shock are independent of its systemic effects. Crit Care Med 34:403–408
Stone MD, Wilson RJ, Cross J, Williams BT (2003) Effect of adding dopexamine to intraoperative volume expansion in patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth 91:619–624
Takala J, Meier-Hellmann A, Eddleston J, Hulstaert P, Sramek V (2000) Effect of dopexamine on outcome after major abdominal surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study. European Multicenter Study Group on Dopexamine in Major Abdominal Surgery. Crit Care Med 28:3417–3423
Arantes AS, Christiano AC, Abreu SP, et al (2007) Low-doses dobutamine and fluids in high-risk surgical patients: Effects on tissue perfusion, inflammatory response and morbidity. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva 19:5–13
Chaney JC, Derdak S (2002) Minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring for the intensivist: current and emerging technology. Crit Care Med 30:2338–2345
Marik PE, Baram M (2007) Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin 23:383–400
Jonas MM, Tanser SJ (2002) Lithium dilution measurement of cardiac output and arterial pulse waveform analysis: an indicator dilution calibrated beat-by-beat system for continuous estimation of cardiac output. Curr Opin Crit Care 8:257–261
Brandstrup B, Tønnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al (2003) Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg 238:641–648
Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G, Weissman C, Einav S, Matot I (2005) Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 103: 25–32
Cullinane M, Gray AJ, Hargraves CM, Lansdown M, Martin IC, Schubert M (2003) The 2003 Report of the National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-Operative Deaths NCEPOD, London
Pearse RM, Harrison DA, James P, et al (2006) Identification and characterisation of the high-risk surgical population in the United Kingdom. Crit Care 10:R81
Older P, Smith R, Courtney P, Hone R (1993) Preoperative evaluation of cardiac failure and ischemia in elderly patients by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Chest 104:701–704
Hlatky MA, Boineau RE, Higginbotham MB, et al (1989) A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index). Am J Cardiol 64:651–654
Girish M, Trayner E Jr, Dammann O, Pinto-Plata V, Celli B (2001) Symptom-limited stair climbing as a predictor of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after high-risk surgery. Chest 120:1147–1151
Pearse R, Dawson D, Fawcett J, Rhodes A, Grounds RM, Bennett ED (2005) Changes in central venous saturation after major surgery, and association with outcome. Crit Care 9: R694–699
Maillet JM, Le Besnerais P, Cantoni M, et al (2003) Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of hyperlactatemia after cardiac surgery Chest 123:1361–1366
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lobo, S.M., Rezende, E., Suparregui Dias, F. (2008). Early Optimization of Oxygen Delivery in High-risk Surgical Patients. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77383-4_61
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77383-4_61
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-77382-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-77383-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)