Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Brain Development: Evidence of Gender Differences

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Neuropsychology of Women

Part of the book series: Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology ((ISSUESDIV))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adam, E., Klimes-Dougan, B., & Gunnar, M. R. (2007). Social regulation of the adrenocortical response to stress in infants, children and adolescents: implications for psychopathology and education. In D. Coch, K. Fischer, & G. Dawson (Eds.), Human behavior, learning, and the developing brain (pp. 264–304). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, L. S., & Gorski, R. A. (1991). Sexual dimorphism of the anterior commissure and Massa intermedia of the human brain. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 312(1), 97–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aylward, G. P. (2003). Neonatology, prematurity, NICU, and developmental issues. In M. C. Roberts (Ed.), Handbook of pediatric psychology (3rd ed., pp. 253–268). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babulas, V., Factor-Litvak, P., Goetz, R., Schaefer, C. A., & Brown, A. S. (2006). Prenatal exposure to maternal genital and reproductive infections and adult schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 927–929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartley, A. J., Jones, D. W., & Weinberger, D. R. (1997). Genetic variability of human Brain size and cortical gyral patterns. Brain, 120, 257–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bear, M. F., Connors, B. W., & Paradiso, M. A. (2001). Neuroscience: exploring the brain (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belman, A. L., Ultmann, M. H., Horoupian, D., Lantos, G., Diamond, G., Dickson, D. W., & Rubinstein, A. (19986). CNS involvement in infants and children with AIDS. Annals of Neurology, 20, 405–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, L. E. (1989). Child development. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore, C. (2000). Achievements and challenges of the decade of the brain. EuroBrain, 2(1), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, P. (1992). The central nervous system: structure and function. New York: Oxford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. S., Begg, M. D., Gravenstein, S., Schaefer, C. A., Wyatt, R. J., Bresnahan, M., Babulas, V. P., & Susser, E. S. (2004). Serologic evidence of prenatal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 774–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caesar, P. (1993). Old and new facts about perinatal brain development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 101–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, N. R. (2005). Foundations of physiological psychology (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chugnani, H. T. (1996) Neuroimaging of developmental nonlinearity and developmental Pathologies. In R. Thatcher, G. Reid Lyon, J. Rumsey, & N. Krasnegor (Eds.), Developmental neuroimaging: Mapping the development of the brain and behavior (pp. 187–195). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, H. T., Phelps, M. E., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1987). Positron emission tomography study of the human brain functional development. Annals of Neurology, 22, 487–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Grofer Klinger, L., Pangiotides, H., Hill, D., Spieker, S., & Frey, K. (1992). Infants of mothers with depressive symptoms: Electrophysiological and behavioral findings related to attachment. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 67–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean, R. S., & Davis, A. S. (2007). Relative risk of perinatal complications in common childhood disorders. School Psychology Quarterly, 22, 13–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Long, G. R. (1999). Autism: new data suggest a new hypothesis. Neurology, 52, 911–916.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dombrowski, S. C., Noonan, K., & Martin, R. P. (2007). Low birth weight and cognitive Outcomes: Evidence for a gradient relationship in an urban, poor, African American cohort. School Psychology Quarterly, 22, 26–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filipek, P. A., Richelme, C., Kennedy, D. N., & Caviness, V.S. Jr. (1994). The young adult human brain: an MRI-bases morphometric analysis. Cerebral Cortex, 4(4), 344–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, K. W., & Rose, S. P. (1996) Dynamic growth cycles of brain and cognitive development. In R. Thatcher, G. Reid Lyon, J. Rumsey, & N. Krasnegor (Eds.), Developmental neuroimaging: Mapping the development of the brain and behavior (pp. 263–280). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giedd, J. A. (2004). Structural magnetic imaging of the adolescent brain. In R. E. Dahl and L. P. Spear (Eds.), Adolescent brain development: Vulnerabilities and opportunities (pp. 77–85) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2(10), 861–863.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giedd, J. N., Snell, J. W., Lange, N., Rajapakse, J. C., Casey, B. J., Kozuch, P. L., Vaituzis, A. C., Vauss, Y. C., Hamburger, S. D., Kaysen, D., & Rapoport, J. (1996). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in human brain development: ages 4–18. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 551–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J., Seidman, L. J., Horton, N. J., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S. Jr., Faraone, S., & Tsuang, M. T. (2001). Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 490–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel, A. M., & Saka, E. (2004). The basal ganglia and the control of action. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (3rd ed., pp. 495–510). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. C., Gunning-Dixon, F. M., Turetsky, B. I., Bilker, W. B., & Gur, R. E. (2002). Brain region and sex differences in age association with brain volume: MRI study of healthy young adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(1), 72–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. C., Turetsky, B. I., Matsui, M., Yan, M., Bilker, W., Hughett, P., & Gur, R. E. (1999). Sex differences in brain gray and white matter in healthy young adults: Correlations with cognitive performance. Journal of Neuroscience, 19(10), 4065–4072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harasty, J., Double, K. L., Halliday, G. M., Kril, J. J., & McRitchie, D. A. (1997). Language-associated cortical regions are proportionally larger in the female brain. Archives of Neurology, 54, 171–176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hier, D. L. (1979). Sex differences in hemispheric specialization: hypotheses for the excess of dyslexia in boys. Annals of Dyslexia, 29(1), 74–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirshfield-Becker, D. A., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Robin, J. A., Friedman, D., Rosenthal, J. M., et al. (2004). Pregnancy complications associated with childhood disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 19, 152–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huttenlocher, P. (1979). Synaptic density in human frontal cortex: developmental changes and effects of aging. Brain Research, 163, 195–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huttenlocher, P. (1994). Synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. In G. Dawson & K. W. Fisher (Eds.), Human behavior and the developing brain (pp. 137–152). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, B. L., van Praag, H., & Gage, F. H. (2000). Adult neurogenesis and psychiatry: A novel theory of depression. Molecular Psychiatry, 5, 262–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, D. (1987). Are men’s and women’s brains really different? Canadian Journal of Psychology, 28, 133–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, B., & Fantie, B. (1989). Development of the child’s brain and behavior. In C. R. Reynolds & E. F. Jansen (Eds.), Handbook of clinical child neuropsychology (pp. 17–40). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, B., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2003). Fundamentals in human neuropsychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenroot, R. K., & Giedd, J. N. (2007). The structural development of the human brain as measured longitudinally with magnetic resonance imaging. In D. Coch, K. Fischer, & G. Dawson (Eds.), Human behavior, learning, and the developing brain (pp.50–73). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linnet, K. M., Wisborg, K., Obel, C., Secher, N. J., Thomsen, P. H., Agerbo, E., et al., (2005). Smoking during pregnancy and the risk for hyperkinetic disorder in offspring. Pediatrics, 116, 462–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milberger, S. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Guite, J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1997). Pregnancy, delivery and infancy complications and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Issues of gene-environment interaction. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 65–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minkoff, H. Deepak, N., Menez, R., & Firkig, S. (1987). Pregnancies resulting in infants With acquired immunodeficiency syndrome of AIDS-related complex: follow-up of mothers, children, and subsequently born siblings. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 69, 288–291.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mirescu, C., Peters, J. D., & Gould, E. (2004). Early life experience alters response of adult neurogenesis to stress. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 841–846.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institutes of Mental Health Authors. (2007). The National Institutes of Mental Health strategic plan. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/strategic-planning-reports/index.shtml.

  • Nopoulos, P., Flaum, M., O’Leary, D., & Andreason, N. C. (2000). Sexual dimorphism in the human brain: Evaluation of tissue volume, tissue composition, and surface anatomy using magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatric Research, 98, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penner, J. D., & Brown, A. S. (2007). Premorbid anomalies and risk of schizophrenia and Depressive disorders in a birth cohort exposed to prenatal rubella. School Psychology Quarterly, 22, 58–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pliska, S. R. (2003). Neuroscience for the mental health clinician. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purpura, D. (1974). Dendritic spine “dysgenesis” and mental retardation. Science, 20, 1126–1128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakic, P. (1990). Principles of neural cell migration. Experientia, 46, 882–891.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapin, I. (1999). Autism in search of a home in the brain. Neurology, 52, 902–904.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1985). Neuroanatomy and neuropathology: A clinical guide for neuropsychologists. Tucson: Neuropsychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riikonen, R., Nokelainen, P., Valkonen, K., Kolehmainen, A., Kumpulainen, K., Kononen, M., Vanninen, R., & Kuikka, J. (2005). Deep serotonergic and dopaminergic structures in fetal alcoholic syndrome: a study of nor-beta-CIT-single-photon emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging volumetry. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1565–1572.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlaeper, T. E., Harris, G. J., Tien, A. Y., Peng, L., Lee, S., & Pearlson, G. D. (1995). Structural differences in the cerebral cortex of healthy female and male subjects: A magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatric Research: Neuroimaging, 61, 129–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd, G. M. (1994). Neurobiology (3rd ed). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sowell, E. R., Peterson, B. S., Kan, E., Woods, R. P., Yoshii, J., Bansal, R. Xu, D., Zhu, H., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2007). Sex differences in cortical thickness mapped in 176 healthy individuals between 7 and 87 years of age. Cerebral Cortex, 17(7), 1550–1560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spear, L. P. (2007). Brain development and adolescent behavior. In D. Coch, K. Fischer, & G. Dawson (Eds.), Human behavior, learning, and the developing brain (pp. 362–396). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teeter, P. A., & Semrud-Clikeman, M. (2007). Child clinical neuropsychology: Assessment and interventions for neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders for childhood. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LCC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waber, D.P., DeMoor, C., Forbes, P.W., Almi, C.R., Botteron, K.N., Leonard, G., Milovan, D., Paus, T., Rumsey, J., & the Brain Development Cooperation Group. (2007), The NIH study of normal brain development: Performance of a population based sample of healthy children aged 6 to 18 years on a neuropsychological battery. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, I. C., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A., D’Alessio, A. C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., et al. (2004). Epigenetic programming of maternal behavior. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 847–854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkerson, D. S., Volpe, A. G., Dean, R. S., & Titus, J. B. (2002). Prenatal complications as predictors of infantile autism. International Journal of Neuroscience, 112, 1085–1109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witelson, S. F. (1976). Sex and the single hemisphere: right hemisphere specialization for spatial processing. Science, 193, 425–427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Witelson, S. (1989). Hand and sex differences in the isthmus and genu of the human corpus callosum. Brain, 112, 799–835.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witelson, S. F. (1990). Structural correlates of cognition in the human brain. In A. B. Scheiber & A. F. Wechsler (Eds.), Neurobiology of higher cognitive function (pp. 167–184). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witelson, S. F., Glezer, I. I., & Kigar, D. L. (1995). Women have greater density of neurons in posterior temporal cortex. Brain, 112, 799–835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 152, Highland Reserve Court, Aiken, SC 29803

    Phyllis Anne Teeter Ellison

Authors
  1. Phyllis Anne Teeter Ellison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amy Nelson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Phyllis Anne Teeter Ellison .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of North Colorado, Struthers Loop 445, Colorado Springs, 80921, Colorado, USA

    Elaine Fletcher-Janzen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ellison, P.A.T., Nelson, A. (2009). Brain Development: Evidence of Gender Differences. In: Fletcher-Janzen, E. (eds) The Neuropsychology of Women. Issues of Diversity in Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76908-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation