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Axon Growth and Guidance pp 17–31Cite as

Netrins and Their receptors

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 621))

Abstract

Netrins are a family of proteins that direct cell and axon migration during development. Three secreted netrins (netrin-1,-3 and-4) have been identified in mammals, in addition to two GPI-anchored membrane proteins, netrin-G1 and G2. Orthologues of netrin-1 play a highly conserved role as guidance cues at the midline of the developing CNS of vertebrates and some bilaterally symmetric invertebrates. In vertebrates, floor plate cells at the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube secrete netrin-1, generating a circumferential gradient of netrin protein in the neuroepithelium. This protein gradient is bifunctional, attracting some axons to the midline and repelling others. Receptors for the secreted netrins include DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) and the UNC5 homologues: UNC5A, B, C, and D in mammals. DCC mediates chemoattraction, while repulsion requires and UNC5 homologue and, in some cases, DCC. The netrin-G proteins bind NGLs (netrin G ligands), single pass transmembrane proteins unrelated to either DCC or the UNC5 homologues. Netrin function is not limited to the developing CNS midline. Various netrins direct cell and axon migration throughout the embryonic CNS, and in some cases continue to be expressed in the mature nervous system. Furthermore, although initially identified for their ability to guide axons, functional roles for netrins have now been identified outside the nervous system where they influence tissue morphogenesis by directing cell migration and regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Neuronal Survival, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada

    Simon W. Moore & Marc Tessier-Lavigne

  2. Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA

    Marc Tessier-Lavigne

  3. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Timothy E. Kennedy

Authors
  1. Simon W. Moore
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  2. Marc Tessier-Lavigne
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  3. Timothy E. Kennedy
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Neurobiologie du Developpement et de la Regeneration (LNDR), Centre de Neurochimie de CNRS, Strasbourg, France

    Dominique Bagnard Ph.D.

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© 2007 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media

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Moore, S.W., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Kennedy, T.E. (2007). Netrins and Their receptors. In: Bagnard, D. (eds) Axon Growth and Guidance. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 621. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76715-4_2

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