Abstract
Fractures of the proximal fifth metatarsal can be divided into three general patterns: avulsion of the tuberosity (type 1), Jones fractures (type 2), and diaphyseal stress fractures (type 3).1 Tuberosity fractures can be extraarticular or may involve the metatarsocuboid joint (Fig. 62.1). Jones fractures involve the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction and extend transversely and medially into the 4–5 intermetatarsal joint (Figs. 62.1 and 62.2). Unlike tuberosity fractures, which reliably heal, Jones fractures have a nonunion rate between 7 and 28%.2,3 In addition, one third of Jones fractures treated conservatively may go on to closed refracture.4 Diaphyseal stress fractures occur distal to the 4–5 intermetatarsal joint (Fig. 62.1) and are usually associated with prodromal symptoms. Torg5 divides diaphyseal stress fractures into three types: acute fractures with sharp margins, delayed unions with a widened fracture line and intra-medullary sclerosis, and established nonunions with complete obliteration of the canal.
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References
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Saluta, J.R., Nunley, J.A. (2010). Percutaneous Fixation of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures. In: Scuderi, G., Tria, A. (eds) Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopedics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76608-9_62
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76608-9_62
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