Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and frequency dividers play critical roles in all synchronous circuits. They comprise the core components in phase-locked systems, sometimes necessitating co-design and having great influence on the overall performance. Even though we have witnessed a proliferation of VCO and divider topologies in the past two decades of Si RE, high performance oscillators and dividers operating in the mm-wave range continue to pose difficult challenges even in today’s technology. We begin our discussion with basic oscillation properties as well as a VCO figure of merit.
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Lee, J. (2008). Voltage-Controlled Oscillators and Frequency Dividers. In: Niknejad, A.M., Hashemi, H. (eds) mm-Wave Silicon Technology. Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76561-7_5
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