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Photonic Crystals: Physics, Fabrication, and Devices

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Nanoelectronics and Photonics

Part of the book series: Nanostructure Science and Technology ((NST))

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Abstract

We review basic physics of photonic crystals, discuss the relevant fabrication techniques, and summarize important device development in the past two decades. First, photonic band structures of photonic crystals and the origin of the photonic band gap are analyzed. Fundamental photonic crystal structures, such as surfaces, slabs, and engineered defects that include cavities and waveguides, are examined. Applications at visible and infrared wavelengths require photonic crystals to have submicron features, sometimes with precision down to the nanoscale. Common fabrication methods that have helped make such exquisite structures will be reviewed. Lastly, we give a concise account of key advances in photonic crystal-based lasers, light-emitting devices, modulators, optical filters, superprism-based demultiplexers and sensors, and negative index materials. Electron-beam nanolithography has enabled major research progress on photonic crystal devices in the last decade, leading to significant reduction of size and/or power dissipation in devices such as lasers and modulators. With deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography, these devices may one day be manufactured with the prevalent CMOS technology at affordable cost.

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Acknowledgment

W. Jiang thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Gernot Pomrenke), Air Force Research Laboratory (Dr. Robert L. Nelson), and NASA for support during the period of writing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854

    Wei Jiang

  2. Omega Optics, Inc, Austin,Texas 78758, USA

    Wei Jiang

  3. Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089

    Michelle L. Povinelli

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  1. Wei Jiang
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  1. Nano and Giga Solutions, Gilbert, AZ, USA

    Anatoli Korkin

  2. Initiative National de la Recherche Scientifique, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, UniversitÉdu QuÉbec, QuÉbec, QC, Canada

    Federico Rosei

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Jiang, W., Povinelli, M.L. (2008). Photonic Crystals: Physics, Fabrication, and Devices. In: Korkin, A., Rosei, F. (eds) Nanoelectronics and Photonics. Nanostructure Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76499-3_11

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