Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microbiology of Captive Baboons

  • Chapter
The Baboon in Biomedical Research

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Microbial infections and parasitic infestations are common in both wild caught and domestically produced baboons in the United States today. Many of these infectious agents cause clinical disease while others may exist as asymptomatic infections, surfacing only when transportation, experimentation, changes in environment, or other stressors compromise the baboon’s normal host defenses. This chapter summarizes some of the bacterial, parasitic, and viral diseases that occur more frequently in the baboons; it does not completely review all organisms reported in the literature to infect baboons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abbott, D. P., and Majeed, S. K. (1984). A survey of parasitic lesions in wild-caught, laboratory-maintained primates: (Rhesus, cynomolgus, and baboon). Vet. Pathol. 21:198–207.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allan, J. S., Broussard, S. R., Michaels, M. G., Starzl, T. E., Leighton, K. L., Whitehead, E. M., Comuzzie, A. G., Lanford, R. E., Leland, M. M., Switzer, W. M., and Heneine, W. (1998). Amplification of simian retroviral sequences from human recipients of baboon liver transplants. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 14:821–824.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arganaraz, E. R., Hubbard, G. B., Ramos, L. A., Ford, A. L., Nitz, N., Leland, M. M., VandeBerg, J. L., and Teixeira, A. R. (2001). Blood-sucking lice may disseminate Trypanosoma cruzi infection in baboons. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 43:271–276.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, O., Baker, M., and Chabaud, A. G. (1982). New data on the Dipetalonema lineage (Filarioidea, Nematoda). Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 57:593–620.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bain, O., Wamae, C. N., and Reid, G. D. (1988). [Diversity of the filaria of the genus Cercopithifilaria in baboons in Kenya.] [French.] Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 63:224–239.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, S. A., and Lang, C. M. (1971). Acute pasteurellosis in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus). Lab. Anim. Sci. 21:258–262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, B. T., Cuasay, L., Welsh, T. J., Beluhan, F. Z., and Schofield, L. (1980). Acute gastric dilatation in monkeys: A microbiologic study of gastric contents, blood, and feed. Lab. Anim. Sci. 30:241–244.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benveniste, R. E., Lieber, M. M., Livingston, D. M., Sherr, C. J., Todaro, G. J., and Kalter, S. S. (1974). Infectious C-type virus isolated from a baboon placenta. Nature 248:17–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blewett, E. L., Black, D. H., Lerche, N. W., White, G., and Eberle, R. (2000). Simian foamy virus infections in a baboon breeding colony. Virology 278:183–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blewett, E. L., White, G., Saliki, J. T., and Eberle, R. (2001). Isolation and characterization of an endogenous cytomegalovirus (BaCMV) from baboons. Arch. Virol. 146:1723–1738.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blewett, E. L., Lewis, J., Gadsby, E. L., Neubauer, S. R., and Eberle, R. (2003). Isolation of cytomegalovirus and foamy virus from the drill monkey (Mandrillus leucophaeus) and prevalence of antibodies to these viruses amongst wild-born and captive-bred individuals. Arch. Virol. 148:423–433.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Booton, G. C., Carmichael, J. R., Visvesvara, G. S., Byers, T. J., and Fuerst, P. A. (2003). Genotyping of Balamuthia mandrillaris based on nuclear 18S and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68:65–69.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brack, M., Bonyck, L. H., Moore, G.T., and Kalter, S. S. (1975). Bacterial meningo-encephalitis in newborn baboons (Papio cynocephalus). In: Kondo, S., Kawai, M., and Ehara, A. (eds.), Contemporary Primatology, Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Primatol. S. Karger, New York, pp. 493–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brain, C., and Bohrmann, R. (1992). Tick infestation of baboons (Papio ursinus) in the Namib Desert. J. Wildl. Dis. 28:188–191.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brammer, D. W., O’Rourke, C. M., Heath, L. A., Chrisp, C. E., Peter, G. K., and Hofing, G. L. (1995). Mycobacterium kansasii infection in squirrel monkeys (Samiri sciureus sciureus). J. Med. Primatol. 24:231–235.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bresnahan, J. F., Whitworth, U. G., Hayes, Y., Summers, E., and Pollock, J. (1984). Yersinia enterocolitica infection in breeding colonies of ruffed lemurs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185:1354–1356.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronsdon, M. A., and DiGiacomo, R. F. (1993). Pasteurella multocida infections in baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Primates 34:205–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronsdon, M. A., Homer, M. J., Magera, J. M., Harrison, C., Andrews, R. G., Bielitzki, J. T., Emerson, C. L., Persing, D. H., and Fritsche, T. R. (1999). Detection of enzootic babesiosis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and phylogenetic evidence supporting synonymy of the genera Entopolypoides and Babesia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:1548–1553.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, J. I., Rud, E. W., Pilon, R. G., Smith, J. M., Switzer, W. M., and Sandstrom, P. A. (2002). Cross-species retroviral transmission from macaques to human beings. Lancet 360:387–388.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broussard, S. R., Comuzzie, A. G., Leighton, K. L., Leland, M. M., Whitehead, E. M., and Allan, J. S. (1997). Characterization of new simian foamy viruses from African nonhuman primates. Virology 237:349–359.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butel, J. S. (2001). Increasing evidence for involvement of SV40 in human cancer. Dis. Markers 17:167–172.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantalupo, P., Doering, A., Sullivan, C. S., Pal, A., Peden, K. W., Lewis, A. M., and Pipas, J. M. (2005). Complete nucleotide sequence of polyoma virus SA12. J. Virol. 79:13094–13104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chai, D., Farah, I., and Muchemi, G. (1997). Sparganosis in non-human primates. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 64:243–244.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. E., and Needham, J. R. (1976). An outbreak of shigellosis in laboratory marmosets and tamarins (Family: Callithricidae). J. Hyg. 76:415–424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curry, A., Jones, D. M., and Eldridge, J. (1987). Spiral organisms in the baboon stomach. Lancet 2:634–635.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damania, B., and Desrosiers, R. C. (2001). Simian homologues of human herpesvirus 8. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 356:535–543.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damian, R. T., Greene, N. D., Meyer, K. F., Cheever, A. W., Hubbard, W. J., Hawes, M. E., and Clark, J. D. (1976). Schistosoma mansoni in baboons. III. The course and characteristics of infection, with additional observations on immunity. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 25:299–306.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damian, R. T., Greene, N. D., Suzuki, T., and Dean, D. A. (1981). Schistosomiasis mansoni in baboons. V. Antibodies and immediate hypersensitivity in multiply infected Papio cynocephalus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 30:836–843.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damian, R. T., de la Rosa, M. A., Murfin, D. J., Rawlings, C. A., Weina, P. J., and Xue, Y. P. (1992). Further development of the baboon as a model for acute schistosomiasis. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 87(Suppl. 4):261–269.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dance, D. A. B. (1990). Melioidosis. Rev. Med. Microbiol. 1:143–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dannenburg, A. M., Jr. (1978). Pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis in man and animals: Protection of personnel against tuberculosis. In: Montali, R. J. (ed.), Mycobacterium Infections of Zoo Animals. Smithsonian Press, Washington DC, pp. 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiGiacomo, R. F., and Missakian, E. A. (1972). Tetanus in a free-ranging colony of Macaca mulatta: A clinical and epizootiologic study. Lab. Anim. Sci. 22:378–383.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillner, J., Rabin, H., Letvin, N., Henle, W., Henle, G., and Klein, G. (1987). Nuclear DNA-binding proteins determined by the Epstein-Barr virus-related simian lymphotropic herpesviruses H. gorilla, H. pan, H. pongo and H. papio. J. Gen. Virol. 68:1587–1596.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • d'Offay, J. M., Eberle, R., Sucol, Y., Schoelkopf, L., White, M. A., Valentine, B. D., White, G. L., and Lerche, N. W. (2007). Transmission dynamics of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV1) in a baboon breeding colony: Predominance of female-to-female transmission. Comp. Med. 57:72–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, M. L. (1980). Dipetalonema (Cercopithifilaria) kenyensis subgen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from African baboons, Papio anubis. J. Parasitol. 66:551–554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, M. L., Njenga, M. N., DaSilva, A. J., Owino, D., Nace, E. K., Won, K. Y., and Mwenda, J. M. (2001). A survey for Cyclospora spp. in Kenyan primates, with some notes on its biology. J. Parasitol. 87:1394–1397.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eberle, R., Black, D. H., Lipper, S., and Hilliard, J. K. (1995). Herpesvirus papio 2, an SA8-like alpha-herpesvirus of baboons. Arch. Virol. 140:529–545.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eberle, R., Black, D. H., Blewett, E. L., and White, G. L. (1997). Prevalence of Herpesvirus papio 2 in baboons and identification of immunogenic viral polypeptides. Lab. Anim. Sci. 47:256–262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eberle, R., Black, D. H., Lehenbauer, T. W., and White, G. L. (1998). Shedding and transmission of baboon Herpesvirus papio 2 (HVP2) in a breeding colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 48:23–28.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, I. O., and Nyindo, M. (1996). Schistosoma mansoni induces in the Kenyan baboon a novel intestinal pathology that is manifestly modulated by an irradiated cercarial vaccine. J. Parasitol. 82:601–607.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farah, I. O., Mola, P. W., Kariuki, T. M., Nyindo, M., Blanton, R. E., and King, C. L. (2000a). Repeated exposure induces periportal fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni-infected baboons: Role of TGF-beta and IL-4. J. Immunol. 164:5337–5343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farah, I. O., Nyindo, M., King, C. L., and Hau, J. (2000b). Hepatic granulomatous response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs in BALB/c mice and olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis). J. Comp. Pathol. 123:7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fourie, P. B., and Odendaal, M. W. (1983). Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a closed colony of baboons (Papio ursinus). Lab. Anim. 17:125–128.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. G., and Rohovsky, M. W. (1975). Meningitis caused by Klebsiella spp. in two rhesus monkeys. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 167:634–636.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. G., and Wikse, S. E. (1971). Bacterial meningoencephalitis in rhesus monkeys: Clinical and pathological features. Lab. Animal. Sci. 21:558–563.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galton, M. M., Mitchell, R. B., Clark, G., and Riesen, A. H. (1948). Enteric infections in chimpanzees and spider monkeys with special reference to a sulfadiazine resistant Shigella. J. Infect. Dis. 83:147–154.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, K. D., Hewett, T. A., Bunte, R., and Fortman, J. D. (2002). Pulmonary masses in a tuberculin skin test-negative olive baboon. Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. 41:61–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghandour, A. M., Zahid, N. Z., Banaja, A. A., Kamal, K. B., and Bouq, A. I. (1995). Zoonotic intestinal parasites of hamadryas baboons Papio hamadryas in the western and northern regions of Saudi Arabia. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 98:431–439.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghandour, A. M., Zahid, N. Z., Banaja, A. A., and Ghanem, A. (1999). Histopathological and parasitological changes in baboons (Papio hamadryas) experimentally infected with baboon and human isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from Saudi Arabia: A comparative study. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 93:197–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, S. G., Reuhl, K. R., Wong, J. H., and Rice, D. C. (1987). Fatal pneumococcal meningitis in a colony-born monkey (Macaca fasicularis). J. Med. Primatol. 16:333–338.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Githure, J. I., Reid, G. D., Binhazim, A. A., Anjili, C.O., Shatry, A. M., and Hendricks, L. D. (1987). Leishmania major: The suitability of East African nonhuman primates as animal models for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Exp. Parasitol. 64:438–447.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Good, R. C., May, B. D., and Kawatomari, T. (1969). Enteric pathogens in monkeys. J. Bacteriol. 97:1048–1055.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, W. J., Haines, R. J., and Bernal, J. C. (1987). Tetanus in baboons of a corral breeding colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 37:231–232.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graczyk, T. K., Cranfield, M. R., Kempske, S. E., and Eckhaus, M. A. (1995). Fulminant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in a lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) without detected signs. J. Wildl. Dis. 31:75–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. F., Windsor, S. K., Malinak, C. J., Bartz, C. R., Sabo, A., Benveniste, R. E., and Tsia, C. C. (1995). Characterization of infectious type D retrovirus from baboons. Virology 207:292–296.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greenstein, E. T., Doty, R. W., and Lowy, K. (1965). An outbreak of fulminating infectious disease in the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus. Lab. Anim. Care 15:74–80.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve, R. B., Eberhard, M. L., Jacobson, R. H., and Orihel, T. C. (1985). Loa loa: Antibody responses in experimentally infected baboons and rhesus monkeys. Am. J. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 36:225–229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn, N. E., Proulx, D., Muruthi, P. M., Alberts, S., and Altmann, J. (2003). Gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging Kenyan baboons (Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis). Int. J. Primatol. 24:271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. A., Bickle, Q. D., Kiare, S., James, E. R., Andrews, B. J., Sturrock, R. F., Taylor, M. G., and Webbe, G. (1990). Immunization of baboons with attenuated schistosomula of Schistosoma haematobium: Levels of protection induced by immunization with larvae irradiated with 20 and 60 krad. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 84:89–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M., Gerber, P., and Kieff, E. (1981). Herpesvirus papio DNA is similar in organization to Epstein-Barr virus DNA. J. Virol. 37:698–709.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, P. H., and Fox, J. G. (1971). Panopthalmitis associated with diplococcic septicemia in a rhesus monkey. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 159:560–562.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herwaldt, B. L., and Ackers, M. L. (1997). An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. The Cyclospora Working Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:1548–1556.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heydorn, A. O., Gestrich, R., and Janitschke, K. (1976). [The life cycle of the Sarcosporidia. VIII. Sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovihominis in the feces of rhesus monkeys (Macaca rhesus) and baboons (Papio cynocephalus)]. [German.] Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 89(6):116–120.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hilliard, J., Lachmi, B. E., Soza, I. I., Brasky, K., and Mirkovic, R. (1996). PCR identification and differentiation of baboon cytomegalovirus from other human and nonhuman primate cytomegaloviruses. Mol. Diagn. 1:267–273.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath, C. J., Simon, M. A., Bergsagel, D. J., Pauley, D. R., King, N. W., Garcea, R. L., and Ringler, D. J. (1992). Simian virus 40-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am. J. Pathol. 140:1431–1440.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, G. B., Gardiner, C. H., Bellini, S., Ehler, W. J., Conn, D. B., and King, M. M. (1993a). Mesocestoides infection in captive olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis). Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:625–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, G. B., Mone, J. P., Allan, J. S., Davis, K. J., III, Leland, M. M., Banks, P. M., and Smir, B. (1993b). Spontaneously generated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in twenty-seven simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody-positive baboons (Papio species). Lab. Anim. Sci. 43:301–309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huff, J. L., and Barry, P. A. (2003). B-virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) infection in humans and macaques: Potential for zoonotic disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:246–250.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, T. F., Sargeaunt, P. G., Visser, P. S., Gathiram, V., Suparsad, S., and Anderson, C. B. (1990). Entamoeba histolytica: Naturally occurring infections in baboons. Arch. Invest. Med. (Mex.) 21(Suppl. 1):153–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, G., and Webbe, G. (1974). Letter: Treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in the baboon with metrifonate. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68:413.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenson, H. B., Ench, Y., Gao, S. J., Rice, K., Carey, D., Kennedy, R. C., Arrand, J. R., and Mackett, M. (2000). Epidemiology of herpesvirus papio infection in a large captive baboon colony: Similarities to Epstein-Barr virus infection in humans. J. Infect. Dis. 181:1462–1466.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin, M. J., Rogers, J., Phillips-Conroy, J. E., Allan, J. S., Desrosiers, R. C., Shaw, G. M., Sharp, P. M., and Hahn, B. H. (1994). Infection of a yellow baboon with simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys: Evidence for cross-species transmission in the wild. J. Virol. 68:8454–8460.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jonas, A. M., and Wyand, D. S. (1966). Pulmonary nocardiosis in the rhesus monkey: Importance of differentiation from tuberculosis. Pathol. Vet. 3:588–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. E., Alford, P. L., Reingold, A. L., Russell, H., Keeling, M. E., and Broome, C. V. (1984). Predisposition to invasive pneumococcal illness following parainfluenza type 3-virus infection in chimpanzees. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185:1351–1353.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalter, S. S., Ratner, J., Kalter, G. V., Rodriguez, A. R., and Kim, C. S. (1967). A survey of primate sera for antibodies to viruses of human and simian origin. Am. J. Epidemiol. 86:552–568.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalter, S. S., and Heberling, R. L. (1971). Comparative virology of primates. Bacteriol. Rev. 35:310–364.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karasek, E. (1969). Streptokokkeninfektioen bei zootieren. [German.]. 11th Int. Symp. Dis. Zoo Anim., Zagreb, pp. 81–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karr, S. L., Jr., and Wong, M. M. (1975). A survey of Sarcocystis in nonhuman primates. Lab. Anim. Sci. 25:641–645.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, A. F., and Quist, K. D. (1969). Pneumococcal meningitis and peritonitis in rhesus monkeys. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 155:1158–1162.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, A. F., Alexander, A. D., Allen, A. M., Cronin, R. J., Dillingham, L. A., Douglas, J. D., and Moore, T. D. (1970). Melioidosis in imported nonhuman primates. J. Wildl. Dis. 6: 211–219.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, T., Silva, D. P., Daniel, M. D., Phillips-Conroy, J. E., Jolly, C. J., Rogers, J., and Desrosiers, R. C. (1989). Prevalence of antibodies to SIV in baboons in their native habitat. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 5:337–343.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koumans, E. H., Katz, D. J., Malecki, J. M., Kumar, S., Wahlquist, S. P., Arrowood, M. J., Hightower, A. W., and Herwaldt, B. L. (1998). An outbreak of cyclosporiasis in Florida in 1995: A harbinger of multistate outbreaks in 1996 and 1997. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59:235–242.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, R. E., Moore, J. A., and Huang, T. C. (1979). Distribution of egg deposits and gross lesions in nonhuman primates infected with Schistosoma haematobium (Iran). J. Med. Primatol. 8:167–178.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazo, A., Bailer, R. T., Lairmore, M. D., Yee, J. A., Andrews, J., Stevens, V. C., and Blakeslee, J. R. (1994). Sexual transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type I: A model of human T-lymphotropic virus type I infection. Leukemia 8(Suppl. 1):S222–S226.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. L., Hilliard, J. K., Lipper, S. L., Butler, T. M., and Goodwin, W. J. (1988). A naturally occurring epizootic of simian agent 8 in the baboon. Lab. Anim. Sci. 38:394–397.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liebenberg, S. P., and Giddens, W. E., Jr. (1985). Disseminated nocardiosis in three macaque monkeys. Lab. Anim. Sci. 35:162–166.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, H. F., Goubau, P., Van Brussel, M., Van Laethem, K., Chen, Y. C., Desmyter, J., and Vandamme, A. M. (1996). The three human T-lymphotropic virus type I subtypes arose from three geographically distinct simian reservoirs. J. Gen. Virol. 77:359–368.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lockridge, K. M., Zhou, S. S., Kravitz, R. H., Johnson, J. L., Sawai, E. T., Blewett, E. L., and Barry, P. A. (2000). Primate cytomegaloviruses encode and express an IL-10-like protein. Virology 268:272–280.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, F. A., Manglicmot, J., Schmidt, T. M., Yeh, C., Smith, H. V., and Relman, D. A. (1999). Molecular characterization of Cyclospora-like organisms from baboons. J. Infect. Dis. 179:670–676.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahieux, R., Pecon-Slattery, J., Chen, G. M., and Gessain, A. (1998). Evolutionary inferences of novel simian T lymphotropic virus type 1 from wild-caught chacma (Papio ursinus) and olive baboons (Papio anubis). Virology 251:71–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malherbe, H., Harwin, R., and Ulrich, M. (1963). The cytopathic effects of vervet monkey viruses. S. Afr. J. Sci. 37:407–411.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mang, R., Goudsmit, J., and van der Kuyl, A. C. (1999). Novel endogenous type C retrovirus in baboons: Complete sequence, providing evidence for baboon endogenous virus gag-pol ancestry. J. Virol. 73:7021–7026.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martino, M. A., Hubbard, G. B., Butler, T. M., and Hilliard, J. K. (1998). Clinical disease associated with simian agent 8 infection in the baboon. Lab. Anim. Sci. 48:18–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClure, H. M. (1980). Bacterial diseases of nonhuman primates. In: Montali, R. J., and Migaki, G. (eds.), The Comparative Pathology of Zoo Animals. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 197–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClure, H. M., Brodie, A. R., Anderson, D. C., and Swenson, R. B. (1986). Bacterial infections of nonhuman primates. In: Benirschke, K. (ed.), Primates: The Road to Self-Sustaining Populations. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 531–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehlhorn, H., Heydorn, A. O., and Janitschke, K. (1977). Light and electron microscopical study on sarcocysts from muscles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and tamarin [Saguinus(=Oedipomidas) oedipus]. Z Parasitenkd. 51:165–178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, M. G., McMichael, J. P., Brasky, K., Kalter, S., Peters, R. L., Starzl, T. E., and Simmons, R. L. (1994). Screening donors for xenotransplantation: The potential for xenozoonoses. Transplantation 57:1462–1465.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, M. G., Alcendor, D. J., St. George, K., Rinaldo, C. R., Jr., Ehrlich, G. D., Becich, M. J., and Hayward, G. S. (1997). Distinguishing baboon cytomegalovirus from human cytomegalovirus: Importance for xenotransplantation. J. Infect. Dis. 176:1476–1483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, M. G., Jenkins, F. J., St. George, K., Nalesnik, M. A., Starzl, T. E., and Rinaldo, C. R., Jr. (2001). Detection of infectious baboon cytomegalovirus after baboon-to-human liver xenotransplantation. J. Virol. 75:2825–2828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. A., Bronsdon, M. A., Kuller, L., and Morton, W. R. (1990). Clinical and parasitologic aspects of cryptosporidiosis in nonhuman primates. Lab. Anim. Sci. 40:42–46.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moghaddam, A., Koch, J., Annis, B., and Wang, F. (1998). Infection of human B lymphocytes with lymphocryptoviruses related to Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 72:3205–3212.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mone, J., Whitehead, E., Leland, M., Hubbard, G., and Allan, J. S. (1992). Simian T-cell leukemia virus type I infection in captive baboons. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8:1653–1661.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. A., and Kuntz, R. E. (1975). Entopolypoides macaci Mayer, 1934 in the African baboon (Papio cynocephalus L. 1766). J. Med. Primatol. 4:1–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. A., and Kuntz, R. E. (1981). Babesia microti infections in nonhuman primates. J. Parasitol. 67:454–456.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, J. B. (1971). Shigellosis in nonhuman primates. A review. Lab. Anim. Sci. 21:734–738.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller, R., and Baker, J. R. (1990). Medical Parasitology. Gower Medical, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munene, E., Otsyula, M., Mbaabu, D. A., Mutahi, W. T., Muriuki, S. M., and Muchemi, G. M. (1998). Helminth and protozoan gastrointestinal tract parasites in captive and wild-trapped African non-human primates. Vet. Parasitol. 78:195–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muriuki, S. M., Farah, I. O., Kagwiria, R. M., Chai, D. C., Njamunge, G., Suleman, M., and Olobo, J. O. (1997). The presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stools of clinically diarrhoeic and normal nonhuman primates in Kenya. Vet. Parasitol. 72:141–147.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muriuki, S. M., Murugu, R. K., Munene, E., Karere, G. M., and Chai, D. C. (1998). Some gastro-intestinal parasites of zoonotic (public health) importance commonly observed in Old World non-human primates in Kenya. Acta Trop. 71:73–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mwenda, J. M., Sichangi, M. W., Isahakia, M., van Rensburg, E. J., and Langat, D. K. (1999). The prevalence of antibodies to simian T-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus (STLV) in non-human primate colonies in Kenya. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 93:289–297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nasher, A. K. (1988). Zoonotic parasite infections of the Arabian sacred baboon Papio hamadryas arabicus Thomas in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 63:448–454.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nayar, G. P. S., Crawshaw, G. J., and Neufeld, J. L. (1979). Tularemia in a group of nonhuman primates. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 175:962–963.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, J. S., Baskin, G. B., and Frisque, R. J. (1998). Identification of SV40 in brain, kidney and urine of healthy and SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. J. Neurovirol. 4:394–406.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newton, W. M., Beamer, P. D., and Rhoades, H. E. (1971). Acute bloat syndrome in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides): A report of four cases. Lab. Anim. Sci. 21:193–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niven, J. S. F. (1968). Tyzzer’s disease in laboratory animals. Z. Versuchstierkd. 10:168–174.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Njenga, M. N., Farah, I. O., Muchemi, G. K., and Nyindo, M. (1998). Peri-portal fibrosis of the liver due to natural or experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni occurs in the Kenyan baboon. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 92:187–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa, R., Henk, W. G., Confer, A. W., and Pirie, G. S. (1982). Herpesviral pneumonia and septicemia in two infant gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada). J. Med. Primatol. 11:52–58.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olivier, C., van de Pas, S., Lepp, P. W., Yoder, K., and Relman, D. A. (2001). Sequence variability in the first internal transcribed spacer region within and among Cyclospora species is consistent with polyparasitism. Int. J. Parasitol. 31:1475–1487.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega, Y. R., Gilman, R. H., and Sterling, C. R. (1994). A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from humans. J. Parasitol. 80:625–629.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otsyula, M., Yee, J., Jennings, M., Suleman, M., Gettie, A., Tarara, R., Isahaki, M., Marx, P., and Lerche, N. (1996). Prevalence of antibodies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) in a colony of non-human primates in Kenya, East Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 90:65–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Payton, M., d’Offay, J. M., Prado, M. E., Black, D. H., Damania, B., White, G. L., and Eberle, R. (2004). Comparative transmission of multiple herpesviruses and simian virus 40 in a baboon breeding volony. Comp. Med. 54:673–682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Losada, M., Christensen, R. G., McClellan, D. A., Adams, B. J., Viscidi, R. P., Demma, J. C., and Crandall, K. A. (2006). Comparing the phylogenetic codivergence between polyomaviruses and their hosts. J. Virol. 80:5663–5669.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pettifer, H. L. (1984). The helminth fauna of the digestive tracts of chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, from different localities in the Transvaal. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 51:161–170.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips-Conroy, J. E., Lambrecht, F. L., and Jolly, C. J. (1988). Hepatocystis in populations of baboons (Papio hamadryas s.l.) of Tanzania and Ethiopia. J. Med. Primatol. 17:145–152.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinder, M., Dupont, A., and Egwang, T. G. (1988). Identification of a surface antigen on Loa loa microfilariae the recognition of which correlates with the amicrofilaremic state in man. J. Immunol. 141:2480–2486.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pinkerton, M. (1972). Miscellaneous organisms. In: Fiennes, R. N. T.-W. (ed.), Pathology of Simian Primates. Part II. Karger, Basel, pp. 283–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potkay, S. (1992). Diseases of the Callitrichidae: A review. J. Med. Primatol. 21:189–236.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, P., Jiang, H., and Wang, F. (2000). Cloning of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus viral capsid antigen and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA homologues and use in diagnosis of acute and persistent infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:3219–3225.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, W. A., and Reardon, M. J. (1976). Mesocestoides in the baboon and its development in laboratory animals. J. Med. Primatol. 5:345–352.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchey, J. W., Ealey, K. A., Payton, M. E., and Eberle, R. (2002). Comparative pathology of infections with baboon and African green monkey alpha-herpesviruses in mice. J. Comp. Pathol. 127:150–161.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, K. M., Ealey, K. A., Ritchey, J. W., Black, D. H., and Eberle, R. (2003). Pathogenicity of different baboon Herpesvirus papio 2 isolates is characterized by either extreme neurovirulence or complete apathogenicity. J. Virol. 77:10731–10739.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, K. M., Wolf, R. F., White, G. L., and Eberle, R. (2005). Experimental infection of baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) with apathogenic and neurovirulent subtypes of Herpesvirus papio 2. Comp. Med. 55:425–430.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, K. M., Ritchey, J. W., Payton, M., Black, D. H., and Eberle, R. (2006). Neuropathogenesis of Herpesvirus papio 2 in mice parallels Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) infections in humans. J. Gen. Virol. 87:267–276.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, R. G., Krugner, L., Tsai, C. C., and Ekstrom, R. (1988). Prevalence of Campylobacter in infant, juvenile and adult laboratory primates. Lab. Anim. Sci. 38:711–714.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, R. G., and DeTolla, L. J. (1993). Shigellosis. In: Jones, T. C., Mohr, U., and Hunt, R. D. (eds.), Nonhuman Primates, Vol. 2. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 46–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatzl, H., Tschikobava, M., Rose, D., Voevodin, A., Nitschko, H., Sieger, E., Busch, U., von der Helm, K., and Lapin, B. (1993). The Sukhumi primate monkey model for viral lymphomogenesis: High incidence of lymphomas with presence of STLV-I and EBV-like virus. Leukemia 7(Suppl. 2):S86–S92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seibold, H. R., Perrin, E. A., Jr., and Garner, A. C. (1970). Pneumonia associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica in Callicebus species primates. Lab. Anim. Care 20:456–461.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, K. V., Daniel, R. W., and Kelly, T. J., Jr. (1977). Immunological relatedness of papovaviruses of the simian virus 40-polyoma subgroup. Infect. Immun. 18:558–560.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. V., Paton, C. A., Girdwood, R. W., and Mtambo, M. M. (1996). Cyclospora in non-human primates in Gombe, Tanzania. Vet. Rec. 138:528.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snook, S., Reimann, K., and King, N. (1992). Neonatal mortality in cotton top tamarins: Failure of passive immunoglobin transfer. Vet. Pathol. 29:444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soike, K. F. (1992). Simian varicella virus infection in African and Asian monkeys. The potential for development of antivirals for animal diseases. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 653:323–333.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solleveld, H. A., van Zwieten, M. J., Heidt, P. J., and van Eerd, P. M. (1984). Clinicopathologic study of six cases of meningitis and meningoencephalitis in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Lab. Anim. Sci. 34:86–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szigeti, R., Rabin, H., Timar, L., and Klein, G. (1986). Leukocyte migration inhibition detects cross-reacting antigens between cells transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and EBV-like simian viruses. Intervirology 26:121–128.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takemura, T., Yamashita, M., Shimada, M. K., Ohkura, S., Shotake, T., Ikeda, M., Miura, T., and Hayami, M. (2002). High prevalence of simian T-lymphotropic virus type L in wild Ethiopian baboons. J. Virol. 76:1642–1648.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tribe, G. W., Mackenzie, P. S., and Fleming, M. P. (1979). Incidence of thermophilic Campylobacter species in newly imported simian primates with enteritis. Vet. Rec. 105:333.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tribe, G. W., and Fleming, M. P. (1983). Biphasic enteritis in imported cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys infected with Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species. Lab. Anim. 17:65–69.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valis, J. D., Newell, N., Reissig, M., Malherbe, H., Kaschula, V. R., and Shah, K. V. (1977). Characterization of SA12 as a simian virus 40-related papovavirus of chacma baboons. Infect. Immun. 18:247–252.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Kuyl, A. C., Dekker, J. T., and Goudsmit, J. (1995). Full-length proviruses of baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) and dispersed BaEV reverse transcriptase retroelements in the genome of baboon species. J. Virol. 69:5917–5924.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Kuyl, A. C., Mang, R., Dekker, J. T., and Goudsmit, J. (1997). Complete nucleotide sequence of simian endogenous type D retrovirus with intact genome organization: Evidence for ancestry to simian retrovirus and baboon endogenous virus. J. Virol. 71:3666–3676.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vandamme, A. M., Van Laethem, K., Liu, H. F., Van Brussel, M., Delaporte, E., de Castro Costa, C. M., Fleischer, C., Taylor, G., Bertazzoni, U., Desmyter, J., and Goubau, P. (1997). Use of a generic polymerase chain reaction assay detecting human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I, II and divergent simian strains in the evaluation of individuals with indeterminate HTLV serology. J. Med. Virol. 52:1–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visvesvara, G. S., Martinez, A. J., Schuster, F. L., Leitch, G. J., Wallace, S. V., Sawyer, T. K., and Anderson, M. (1990). Leptomyxid ameba, a new agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2750–2756.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visvesvara, G. S., Schuster, F. L., and Martinez, A. J. (1993). Balamuthia mandrillaris, N. G., N. Sp., agent of amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and other animals. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40:504–514.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voevodin, A. F., and Hirsch, I. (1985). Immunoprecipitation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific proteins by prelymphomatous and normal baboon sera containing antibodies reactive with EBV early antigen. Acta Virol. 29:242–246.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voevodin, A. F., Ponomarjeva, T. I., and Lapin, B. A. (1985). Seroepizootiology of herpesvirus Papio (HVP) infection in healthy baboons (Papio hamadryas) of high- and low-lymphoma risk populations. Exp. Pathol. 27:33–39.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Voevodin, A., Samilchuk, E., Allan, J., Rogers, J., and Broussard, S. (1997). Simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) infection in wild yellow baboons (Papio hamadryas cynocephalus) from Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. Virology 228:350–359.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F., Rivailler, P., Rao, P., and Cho, Y. (2001). Simian homologues of Epstein-Barr virus. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 356:489–497.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whitby, D., Stossel, A., Gamache, C., Papin, J., Bosch, M., Smith, A., Kedes, D. H., White, G., Kennedy, R., and Dittmer, D. (2003). Novel Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus homolog in baboons. J. Virol. 77:8159–8165.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, R. F., Rogers, K. M., Blewett, E. L., Dittmer, D. P., Fakhari, F. D., Hill, C. A., Kosanke, S. D., White, G. L., and Eberle, R. (2006). A naturally occurring fatal case of Herpesvirus papio 2 pneumonia in an infant baboon (Papio hamadryas anubis). J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 45:64–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. D., Baerg, D. C., and Rossan, R. N. (1975). Parasitological review. Experimental monkey hosts for human plasmodia. Exp. Parasitol. 38:136–152.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiss, C. J., and Shomer, N. (2001). Hepatocystosis in a baboon (Papio anubis). Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. 40:41–42.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078

    Richard Eberle

  2. Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602

    Uriel Blas-Machado

  3. Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190

    Roman F. Wolf & Gary L. White

Authors
  1. Richard Eberle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Uriel Blas-Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roman F. Wolf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gary L. White
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

    John L. VandeBerg  & Suzette D. Tardif  & 

  2. Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Sarah Williams-Blangero

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Eberle, R., Blas-Machado, U., Wolf, R.F., White, G.L. (2009). Microbiology of Captive Baboons. In: VandeBerg, J.L., Williams-Blangero, S., Tardif, S.D. (eds) The Baboon in Biomedical Research. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75991-3_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation