This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aalberse, R. C. 2000. Structural biology of allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 106:228–238.
Alexander, H., Alexander, S., Getzoff, E. D., Tainer, J. A., Geysen, H. M., and Lerner, R. A. 1992. Altering the antigenicity of proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:3352–3356.
Alix, A. J. 2000. Predictive estimation of protein linear epitopes by using the program PEOPLE. Vaccine 18:311–314.
Andersson, K., Choulier, L., Hamalainen, M. D., van Regenmortel, M. H., Altshuh, D., and Malmqvist, M. 2001. Predicting the kinetics of peptide-antibody interactions using multivariate experimental design of sequence and chemical space. J. Mol. Rec. 14:62–71.
Bachmann, M. F., and Zinkernagel, R. M. 1997. Neutralizing antiviral B cell responses. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 15:235–270.
Bancherau, J., Briere, F., Caux, C., Davoust, J., Lebecque, S., Liu, Y. J., Pulendran, B., and Palucka, K. 2000. Flow-cytometry screening for the modulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis in human dendritic cells: implications for the development of an in vitro technique for predictive testing of contact sensitisers. J. Immunol. Methods 203:171–180.
Barlow, D. J., Edwards, M. S., and Thornton, J. M. 1986. Continuous and dis-continuous protein antigenic determinants. Nature 322:747–748.
Batori, V., Friis, E. P., Nielsen, H., and Roggen, E. L. 2006. An in silico method using an epitope motif database for predicting the location of antigenic determinants on proteins in a structural context. J. Mol. Rec.19:21–29.
Blythe, M. J., Flower, D. R. 2005. Benchmarking B cell epitope prediction: underperformance of existing methods. Protein Sci. 14:246–248.
Brusic, V., Bajic, V. B., Petrovsky, N. 2004. Computational methods for prediction of T-cell epitopes—a framework for modelling, testing, and applications. Methods 34:436–443.
Cachau, R. E., Gonzalez-Sapienza, G., Burt, S. K., Ventura, O. N. 2003. A new addition to the structural bioinformatics toolbox: 3D models of short bioactive peptides from multiple sequences using feedback restrained molecular dynamics (FRMD). Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) 49:973–983.
Chan, O. T., Madaio, M. P., and Shlomchik, M. J. 1999. B-cells are required for lupus nephritis in the polygenic fas-intact MRL model of systemic autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 163:3592–3596.
Chen, C.-L., Lee, C.-T., Liu, Y.-C., Wang, J.-Y., Lei, H.-Y., and Yu, C.-K. 2003. House dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae augments proinflammatory mediator production and accessory function of alveolar macrophages: implications for allergic sensitisation and inflammation. J. Immunol. 170:528–536.
Constant, S. L., and Bottomly, K. 1997. Induction of T_h1 and T_h2 CD^4.sup.+ T-cell responses: the alternative approaches. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 15:297–322.
Cumberbatch, M., Clelland, K., Dearman, R., and Kimber, I. 2005. Impact of cutaneous IL-10 on resident epidermal Langerhans’ cells and the development of polarised immune responses. J. Immunol. 175:43–50.
Davies, J. M., Scealy, M., Cai, Y., Whisstock, J., Mackay, I. R., and Rowley, M. J. 1999. Multiple alignment and sorting of peptides derived from phage-displayed random peptide libraries with polyclonal sera allows discrimination of relevant phagotopes. Mol. Immunol. 36:659–667.
De Groot, A. S. 2006. Immunomics: discovering new targets for vaccines and therapeutics. Drug Discov. Today 11:203–209.
Fujii, S.-i., Liu, K., Smith, C., Bonito, A. J., and Steinman, R. M. 2004. The linkage of innate to adaptive immunity via maturing dendritic cells in vivo requires CD40 ligation in addition to antigen presentation and CD80/86 costimulation. J. Exp. Med. 199:1607–1618.
Ganglberger, E., Grunberger, K., Sponer, B., Radauer, C., Breiteneder, H., Boltz-Nitulescu, G., Scheiner, O., and Jensen-Jarolim, E. 2000. Allergen mimotopes for 3-dimensional epitope search and induction of antibodies inhibiting human IgE. FASEB J. 14:2177–2184.
Gasteiger, E., Hoogland, C., Gattiker, A., Duvaud, S., Wilkins, M. R., Appel, R. D., and Bairoch, A. 2005. Protein identification and analtsis tools on the ExPASy server. In: The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, ed. J. M. Walker, Vol. 715, pp. 571–607, Tonkawa, NJ: Humana Press.
Geginat, G., Schenk, S., Skoberne, M., Goebel, W., and Hof, H. 2001. A novel approach of direct ex vivo epitope mapping identifies dominant and subdominant CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes from Listeria monocytogenes. J. Immunol. 166:1877–1884.
Greenbaum, J. A., Haste-Andersen, P., Blythe, M., Bui, H.-H., Cachau, R., E., Crowe, J., Davies, M., Kolaskar, A. S., Lund, O., Morrison, S., Mumey, B., Ofran, Y., Pellequer, J.-L., Pinilla, C., Ponomarenko, J. V., Raghava, G. P. S., van Regenmortel, M. H. V., Roggen, E. L., Sette, A., Schlessinger, A., Sollner, J., Zand, M., and Peters, B. 2007. Towards a consensus on datasets and evaluation metrics for developing B cell epitope prediction tools. J. Mol. Rec.20:75–82.
Guermonprez, P., Valladeau, J., Zitvogel, L., Théry, C., and Amigorena, S. 2002. Antigen presentation and T cell stimulation by dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:621–67.
Hantusch, B., Krieger, S., Untermayr, E., Scholl, I., Knittelfelder, R., Flicker, S., Spitzauer, S., Valenta, R., Boltz-Nitulesen, G., Scheiner, O., and Jensen-Jarolim, E. 2004. Mapping of conformational IgE epitopes on Phl p 5a by using mimotopes from a phage display library. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114:1294–1300.
Harding, F. A. 2003. A human dendritic cell-based method to identify CD[4.sup.+]T-cell epitopes in potential protein allergens. Environ. Health Perspect. 111:251–254.
Haste-Andersen, P., Nielsen, M., and Lund, O. 2006. Prediction of residues in discontinuous B-cell epitopes using protein 3D structures. Protein Sci. 15:2558–2567.
Hayakawa, K., Asano, M., Shinton, S., Gui, M., Allman, D., Stewart, C., Silver, J., and Hardy, R. 1999. Positive selection of natural autoreactive B-cells. Science 285:113–116.
Hermeling, S., Crommelin, D. J., Schellekens, H., and Jiskoot, W. 2004. Structure-immunogenicity relationships of therapeutic proteins. Pharmacol. Res. 21:897–903.
Hermeling, S., Schellekens, H., Maas, C., Gebbink, M. F., Crommelin, D. J., and Jiskoot,W., 2006. Antibody responses to aggregated human interferon-α 2a in wild type and transgenic tolerant mice depends on type and level of aggregation. J. Pharm. Sci. 95:1084–1096.
Hietbrink, F., Koenderman, L., Rijkers, G. T., and Leenen, L. P. H. 2006. Trauma: the role of the innate immune system. World J. Emergency Surg. 1:15–25.
Hileman, R. E., Silvanovitch, A., Goodman, R. E., Rice, E. A., Holleschak, G., Astwood, J. D., and Hefle, S. L. 2002. Bioinformatic methods for allergenicity assessment using a comprehensive allergen database. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 128:280–291.
Hopp, T. P., and Woods, K. R. 1981. Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:3824–3828.
Jakobsen, C. G., Bodtger, U., Kristensen, P., Poulsen, L. K., and Roggen, E. L. 2004. Isolation of high-affinity human IgE and IgG antibodies recognising Bet v 1 and Humicola lanuginosa lipase from combinatorial phage libraries. Mol. Immunol. 41:941–953.
Jameson, B. A. and Wolf, H. 1988. The antigenic index: a novel algorithm for predicting antigenic determinants. CABIOS 4:181–186.
Janssen, R., Wauben, M. H., and Tomassen, J. 1996. Quaternary structure of a carrier protein influences antigenicity and immunogenicity of an inserted T-cell determinant. Intl. Immunol. 8:829–845.
Kehry, M. and Hodgkin, P. 1994. B-cell activation by helper T-cell membranes. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 14:221–238.
Keil, W. and Wagner, R. R. 1989. Epitope mapping by deletion mutants and chimeras of two vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein genes expressed by a vaccinia virus vector. Virology 170:392–407.
Kelso, A. 1995. T_h1 and T_h2 subsets: paradigm lost? Immunol. Today 16:374–379.
Kimber, I., Cumberbath, M., Dearman, R. J., Bhushan, M., and Griffiths, C. E. M., 2000. Cytokines and chemokines in the initiation and regulation of epidermal langerhans cell mobilisation. Br. J. Dermatol. 142:401–412.
Kotzin, B. L., Falta, M. T., Crawford, F., Rosloniec, E. F., Bill, J., Marrack, P., and Kappler, J. 2000. Use of soluble peptide-DR4 tetramers to detect synovial T cells specific for cartilage antigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:291–296.
Kramer, A. and Schneider-Mergener, J. 1998. Synthesis and screening of peptide libraries on continuous cellulose membrane supports. Methods Mol. Biol. 87:25–39.
Kulkarni-Kale, U., Bhosle, S., and Kolaskar, A. S. 2005. CEP: a conformational epitope prediction server. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:W168–W171.
Lambrecht, B. N. and Hammad, H. 2003a. The other cells in asthma: dendritic cells and epithelial cells crosstalk. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 9:34–41.
Lambrecht, B. N. and Hammad, H. 2003b. Taking our breath away: dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:997–1003.
Lanzavecchia, A. and Salusto, F. 2001. Regulation of T cell immunity by dendritic cells. Cell 106:263–266.
Laroche, Y., Heymans, S., Capaert, S., De Cock, F., Demarsin, E., and Collen, D. 2000. Recombinant staphylokinase variants with reduced antigenicity due to elimination of B-lymphocyte epitopes. Blood 96:1425–1430.
Larsen, J. E., Lund, O., and Nielsen, M. 2006. Improved method for predicting linear B-cell epitopes. Immunome Res. 2:2.
Leung, P. S. and Chu, K. H. 2001. cDNA cloning and molecular identification of the major oyster allergen from the Pacific oyster Crassostera gigas. Clin. Exp. Allergy 31:1287–1294.
Lindstedt, M., Schiott, A., Johnsen, C. R., Roggen, E. L., Johansson-Lindbom, B., and Borrebaeck, C. A., 2005. Individuals with occupational allergy to detergent enzymes display a differential transcriptional regulation and cellular immune response. Clin. Exp. Allergy 35:199–207.
McKenzie, R. C. and Sauder, D. N. 1990. Keratinocyte cytokines and growth factors. Immunodermatology 8:649–661.
Mendz, G. L. and Moore, W. J. 1985. NMR studies of myelin basic protein. Conformation of a peptide that is an antigenic determinant for B-cell reactivity. Biochem. J. 229:305–313.
Meyer, D. L., Schultz, J., Lin, Y., Henry, A., Scanderson, J., Jackson, J. M., Goshorn, S., Rees, A. R., and Graves, S. S. 2000. Reduced antibody response to streptavidin through site-directed mutagenesis. Protein Sci. 10:491–503.
Milich, D. R. and Leroux-Roels, G. 2003. Immunogenetics of the response to HBsAg vaccination. Autoimmun. Rev. 2:248–257.
Miller, J. F. 2005. Principles of immunological tolerance. Transfus. Med. Hemother. 32:322–331.
Mirza, O., Henriksen, A., Ipsen, H., Larsen, N., Wissenbach, M., Spangfort, M., and Gajhede, M. 2000. Dominant epitopes and allergic cross-reactivity: complex formation between a Fab fragment of amonoclonal murine IgG antibody and the major allergen from birch pollen Bet v 1. J. Immunol. 165:331–338.
Mittag, D., Batori, V., Neudecker, P., Wiche, R., Friis, E. P., Ballmer-Weber, B. K., Vieths, S., and Roggen, E. L. 2006. A novel approach for investigation of specific and cross-reactive IgE epitopes on Bet v 1 and homologous food allergens in individual patients. Mol. Immunol. 43:79–89.
Mosmann, T. R., and Coffman, I. L. 1989. T_h1 and T_h2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 7:145–173.
Mumey, B., Ohler, N., Angel, T., Jesaitis, A., and Dratz, E. 2006. In Proceedings of High Performance Computing in Genomics, Proteomics, and Transcriptomics, n>Springer-Verlag: Sorrento.
Nair, D. T., Singh, K., Siddiqui, Z., Niyak, B. P., Rao, K. V., and Salunke, D. M. 2002. Epitope recognition by diverse antibodies suggests conformational convergence in an antibody response. J. Immunol. 168:2371–2382.
Nishikawa, T., Rapoport, B., and McLachlan, S. 1996. The quest for the auto-antibody immunodominant region on thyroid peroxidase: guided mutagenesis based on a hypothetical three-dimensional model. Endocrinology 137:1000–1006.
Novak, E. J., Liu, A. W., Gebe, J. A., Falk, B. A., Nepom, G. T., Koelle, D. M., and Kwok, W. W. 2001. Tetramer-guided epitope mapping: rapid identification and characterisation of immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes from complex antigens. J. Immunol. 166:6665–6670.
Oberg, K., Alm, G., Magnusson, A., Lundqvist, G., Theodorsson, E., Wide, L., and Wilander, E. 1989. Treatment of malignant carcinoid tumors with recombinant intereron alfa-2b: development of neutralizing interferon antibodies and possible loss of antitumor activity. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81:531–535.
Odorico, M., and Pellequer, J.-L., 2003. BEPITOPE: predicting the location of continuous epitopes and patterns in proteins. J. Mol. Rec. 16:20–22.
O’Lorcain, P., Talebi, A., and Mulcohy, G. 1996. B-cell epitope mapping within the MA16 antigenic sequence found in Eimeria acervulina merozoites and sporozoites. Vet. Parasitol. 66:147–157.
Ottesen, J. L., Nilsson, P., Jami., Weilguny, D., Dührkop, M., Bucchini, D., Havelund, S., and Fogh, J. M. 1994. The potential immunogenicity of human insulin and insulin analogues evaluated in a transgenic mouse model. Diabetologia 37:1178–1185.
Palleroni, A. V., Aglione, A., Labow, M., Brunda, M. J., Pestka, S., Sinigaglia, F., Garotta, G., Alsenz, J., and Braun, A. 1997. Interferon immunogenicity: preclinical evaluation of interferon-a 2a. J. Interferon Res. 17:S23–S27.
Parhami-Seren, B., Keel, T., and Reed, G. L. 1997. Sequences of antigenic epitopes of Streptokinase identified via random peptide libraries displayed on phage. J. Mol. Biol. 271:333–341.
Peces, R., de la Torre, M., Alcazar, R., and Urra, J. M. 1996. Antibodies against recombinant human erythropoietin in a patient with erythroietin-resistant anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 335:523–524.
Pellequer, J. L., Westhof, E., and van Regenmortel, M. H. 1994. Epitope predictions from the primary structure of proteins. In: Peptide Antigens: A Practical Approach, ed. G. B. Wisdom, pp. 7–25, Oxford: IRL Press.
Pinilla, C., Martin, R., Gran, B., Appel, J. R., Boggiano, C., Wilson, D. B., and Houghten R. A. 1999. Exploring immunological specificity using synthetic peptide combinatorial libraries. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:193–202.
Radyuk, S., Mericko, P. A., Popova, T. G., Grene, E., and Alibek, K. 2003. In vitro generated respiratory mucosa: a new tool to study inhalation anthrax. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 305:624–632.
Rammensee, H. G., Bachmann, J., Emmerich, N. P., Bachor, O. A., and Stevanovic, S. 1999. SYFPEITHI: database for MHC ligands and peptide motifs. Immunogenetics 50:213–219.
Reijonen, H., and Kwok, W. W. 2003. Use of HLA class II tetramers in tracking antigen-specific T-cells and mapping T-cell epitopes. Methods 29:282–288.
Rodi, D. J., Soares, A. S., and Makowski, L. 2002. Quantitative assessment of peptide sequence diversity in M13 combinatorial peptide phage display libraries. J. Mol. Biol. 322:1039–1052.
Roggen, E. L. 2006. Recent developments with B-cell epitope identification for predictive studies. J. Immunotox. 3:1–13.
Roggen, E. L., Kristensen Soni, N., and Verheyen, G. 2006. Respiratory immunotoxicity: an in vitro assessment. Toxicol. In Vitro 20:1249–1264.
Roggen, E. L., Lindstedt, M., Borrebaeck, C., and Verheyen, G. 2006. Interactions between dendritic cells and epithelial cells in allergic disease. Toxicol. Lett. 162:71–82.
Rus, H., Cudrici, C., and Niculescu, F. 2005. The role of the complement system in innate immunity. Immunol. Res. 33:103–112.
Saha, S., and Raghava, G. P. 2004. BcePred: prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in antigenic sequences using physicochemical properties. ICARIS:197–204.
Saha, S. and Raghava, G. P. 2006. Prediction of continuous B-cell epitopes in an antigen using recurrent neural network. Proteins 65:40–48.
Sakaguchi, S., Sakaguchi, N., Shimizu, J., Yamazaki, S., Sakihama, T., Itoh, M., Kuniyasu, Y., Nomura, T., Toda, M., and Takahashi, T. 2001. Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ regulatory T-cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance. Immunol. Rev. 182:18–32.
Santos, A. B., Chapman, M. D., Aalberse, R. C., Vailes, L. D., Ferriani, V. P., Oliver, C., Rizzo, M. C., Naspitz, C. K., and Arruda, L. K. 1999. Cockroach allergens and asthma in Brazil: identification of tropomyosin as a major allergen with potential cross-reactivity with mite and shrimp allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 104:329–337.
Scandella, D., DeGraaf, M. S., Mattingly, M., Roeder, D., Timmons, L., and Fulcher, C. A. 1988. Epitope mapping of human factor VIII inhibitor antibodies by deletion analysis of factor VIII fragments expressed in E. coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6152–6156.
Schellekens, H. 2002. Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins: clinical implications and future prospects. Clin. Ther. 24:1720–1740.
Silverstein, A. M. 1989. A History of Immunology, Academic Press: San Diego.
Sinigaglia, F. and Hammer, J. 1994. Defining rules for the peptide-MHC class II interaction. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6:52–56.
Sollner, J. and Mayer, B. 2006. Machine learning approaches for prediction of linear B-cell epitopes on proteins. J. Mol. Rec. 19:200–208.
Stanley, J. S., King, N., Burks, A. W., Huang, S. K., Sampson, H., Cockrell, G., Helm, R. M., West, C. M., and Bannon, G. A. 1997. Identification and mutational analysis of the immunodominant IgE binding epitopes of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 342:244–253.
Stewart, T. A., Hollingshead, P. G., Pitts, S. L., Chang, R., Martin, L. E., and Oakley, H. 1989. Transgenic mice as a model to test the immunogenicity of proteins altered by site-specific mutagenesis. Mol. Biol. Med. 6:275–281.
Stickler, M. M., Estell, D. A., and Harding, F. A. 2000. CD[4.sup.+]T-cell epitope determination using unexposed human donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Immunother. 23:654–660.
Stoy, N. 2001. Macrophage biology and pathobiology in the evolution of immune responses: a functional analysis. Pathobiology 69:179–211.
Striz, I., Slavcev, A., Kalanin, J., Jaresova, M., and Rennard, S. I. 2001. Cell-cell contacts with epithelial cells modulate the phenotype of human macrophages. Inflammation 254:241–246.
Thepen, T., Kraal, G., and Holt, P., G. 1996. The role of alveolar macrophages in regulation of lung inflammation. In: Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Lung Inflammation, eds. M. Chignard, M. Pretolani, P. Renesto, B. B. Vargaftig, Vol. 796, pp. 200–232, NewYork: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Tong, J. C., Kong, L., Tan, T. W., and Ranganathan, S. 2006. MPID-T: database for sequence-structure-function information on T-cell receptor/peptide/MHC interactions. Appl. Bioinformatics 5:111–114.
van Regenmortel, M. H. 1998. Mimotopes, continuous paratopes and hydropathic complementarity: novel approximations in the description of immunochemical specificity. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 19:1199–1219.
van Regenmortel, M. H. and Pellequer, J. L. 1994. Predicting antigenic determinants in proteins: looking for unidimensional solutions to the three-dimensional problem? Peptide Res. 7:224–228.
Vieths, S., Scheurer, S., and Ballmer-Weber, B. 2002. Current understanding of cross-reactivity of food allergens and pollen. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 964:47–68.
Walden, P. 1996. T-cell epitope determination. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8:68–74.
Walker, P. R., Smerdon, R., Haron, J., and Lehner, T. 1993. Mapping major and minor T-cell epitopes in vitro and their immunogenic or tolerogenic effect in vivo in non-human primates. Immunology 80:209–216.
Warmerdam, P. A., Vanderlick, K., Vandervoort, P., De Smedt, H., Plaisance, S., De Maeyer, M., and Collen, D. 2002. Staphylokinas-specific cell-mediated immunity in humans. J. Immunol. 168:155–161.
Wierda, D., Smith, H. W., and Zwickl, C. M. 2001. Immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals in laboratory animals. Toxicology 158:71–74.
Williams, S. C., Badley, R. A., Davis, P. J., PujK, W. C., and Meloen, R. H. 1998. Identification of epitopes within beta lactoglobulin recognised by polyclonal antibodies using phage display and PEPSCAN. J. Immunol. Meth. 213:1–17.
Wu, K. J., Wang, C. Y., and Lu, H. K. 2004. Effect of glutaraldehyde on the humoral immunogenicity and structure of porcine dermal collagen membranes. Arch. Oral Biol. 49:305–311.
Zang, Y. C., Yang, D., Hong, J., Tejada-Simon, M. V., Rivera, V. M., and Zhang, J. Z. 2000. Immunoregulation and blocking antibodies induced by interferon beta treatment in MS. Neurology 55:397–404.
Zouali, M. 2001. B-cell tolerance to self in systemic auto-immunity. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 49:361–365.
Zwickl, C. M., Cocke, K. S., Tamura, R. N., Holzhausen, L. M., Brophy, G. T., Bick, P. H., and Wierda, D. 1991. Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant and pituitary human growth hormone in rhesus monkeys. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 16:275–287.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Roggen, E.L. (2008). Models for Prediction of Immunogenicity. In: Weert, M.v., Møller, E.H. (eds) Immunogenicity of Biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnology: Pharmaceutical Aspects, vol VIII. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75841-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75841-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75840-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75841-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)