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Radiology of Soft Tissue Tumors Including Melanoma

  • M. J. Shelly
  • P. J. MacMahon
  • S. Eustace
Chapter
Part of the Cancer Treatment and Research book series (CTAR, volume 143)

Soft tissue tumors are defined as mesenchymal proliferations that occur in the extraskeletal, non-epithelial tissues of the body, excluding the viscera, coverings of the brain and lymphoreticular system [1]. The true frequency of soft tissue tumors is difficult to estimate because most benign lesions are not removed. A conservative estimate is that benign tumors outnumber their malignant counterparts by a ratio of at least 100:1. In the United States only 7,200 sarcomas are diagnosed annually (0.8 percent of invasive malignancies), yet they are responsible for 2 percent of all cancer deaths, reflecting their lethal nature [1]. Classification is based on the tissue from which the lesions arise (Table 16.1). The cause of most soft tissue tumors is unknown. There are documented associations between radiation therapy [2], and rare instances in which chemical burns, heat burns or trauma were associated with subsequent development of sarcoma [1]. Soft tissue tumors may arise in any location, with approximately 50 percent in the extremities (two-thirds of these in the lower extremities), 14 percent in the retroperitoneum, 15 percent in the viscera, 10 percent in the trunk and 11 percent in other sites [3]. Regarding sarcomas, males are affected more frequently than females (ratio 1.4:1), and the incidence generally increases with age. Fifteen percent arise in children and constitute the fourth most common malignancy in this age group [1]. Specific sarcomas tend to appear in certain age groups (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma in children, synovial sarcoma in young adults and liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in mid- to late adult life) [1].

Keywords

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Soft Tissue Mass Synovial Sarcoma Soft Tissue Tumor Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. J. Shelly
    • 1
  • P. J. MacMahon
    • 1
  • S. Eustace
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of RadiologyMater Misericordiae University HospitalIreland

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