Abstract
A variety of recombinant vaccines and vaccine delivery systems are currently under development as alternatives to vaccines produced in animals that are primarily administered by injections. These nonanimal alternatives do not transmit animal pathogens, are often rapid to develop, and can be produced on a large scale at low costs. Many of these new vaccine technologies are based on oral delivery systems and avoid the risks of disease transmission associated with the use of syringes for injectable vaccines. In addition, many of these novel systems have extended shelf life, often not requiring refrigeration and thus are applicable in developing countries or remote locations. Here we describe the development of microalgal-based immunization systems. Antigens expressed in the chloroplast or anchored to the surface of plasma membrane are shown to effectively immunize fish and rabbits. The effective oral delivery of antigens by microalgae provides a safe and inexpensive mechanism to immunize animals. The applications of microalgal vaccines are currently being investigated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lavilla-Pitogo CR, Leano EM, Paner MG. Mortalities of pond-cultured juvenile shrimp, Penaeus monodon, associated with dominance of luminescent vibrios in the rearing environment. Aquaculture 1998; 164:337–349.
Moriarty DJW. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 1998; 164:351–358.
Park ED, Lightner DV, Park DL. Antimicrobials in shrimp aquaculture in the United States: Regulatory status and safety concerns. Rev Environ Contain Toxicol 1994; 138:1–20.
Pothuluri JV, Nawaz MS, Khan AA et al. Antimicrobial use in aquaculture: Environmental fate and potential for transfer of bacterial resistance genes. Recent Res Dev Microbiol 1998; 2:351–372.
Sindermann CJ. Principal Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish, Vol. 2. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press Inc., 1990.
Uchida T, Goto. Oral delivery of poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide microspheres containing ovalbumin as vaccine formulation: Particle size study. Biol Pharm Bull 1994; 17:1272–1276.
Walmsley AM, Arntzen CJ. Plants for delivery of edible vaccines. Curr Opinion Biotechnol 2000; 11:126–129.
Ellis AE, ed. Fish Vaccination. Berkeley: Academic Press, 1998.
Lavelle EC, Jenkins PG, Harris JE. Oral immunization of rainbow trout with antigen microencap-sulated in poly (DL-lactide-coglycolide) microparticles. Vaccine 1997; 15:1070–1078.
Rombout JHWM, Lamers CHJ, Helfrich MH et al. Uptake and transport of intact macromol-ecules in the intestinal epithelium of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the possible immunological implications. Cell Tissue Res 1985; 239:519–30.
Georgopoulou U, Dabrowski K, Sire MF et al. Absorption of intact proteins by the intestinal epithelium of trout, Salmo-Gairdneri-A luminescence enzyme immunoassay and cytochemical study. Cell Tissue Res 1988; 251:145–152.
Sayre RT, Wagner RE, Siripornadulsil S et al. Use of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and other transgenic algae in food or feed for delivery of antigens. 2001, (WO 2001098335, A2 20011227).
Barton TA, Bannister LA, Griffiths SG et al. Further characterization of Renibacterium salmoninarum extracellular products. Applied Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3770–3775.
Austin B, Rayment JN. Epizootiology of Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causal agent of bacterial kidney disease in salmonid fish. J Fish Dis 1985; 8:505–509.
Austin B, Austin DA. Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Disease in Farmed and Wild Fish. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1987:364.
Bruno DW, Munro ALS. Observations on Renibacterium salmoninarum and the salmonid egg. Dis Aquat Org 1986; 1:83–87.
Bullock GL, Herman RL. Bacterial kidney disease of salmonids fishes caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum. Fish Disease Leaflet 1986; 78, (<http://www.lsc.nbs.gov/fhl/fdl/fdl78.htm>).
Sanders JE, Pilcher KS, Fryer JL. Relation of water temperature to bacterial kidney disease in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Fish Res Board Can 1978; 35:811–820.
Barton TA, Bannister LA, Griffiths SG et al. Further characterization of Renibacterium salmoninarum extracellular products. Applied Environ Microbiol 1997; 63:3770–3775.
Chien MS, Gilbert T, Huang C et al. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene coding for the 57-kDa major soluble antigen of the salmonid fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1992; 96:259–66.
Evenden AJ, Grayson TH, Gilpin ML et al. Renibacterium salmoninarum and bacterial kidney disease-the unfinished jigsaw. Ann Rev Fish Dis 1993; 87–104.
Fredriksen A, Endresen C, Wergeland HI. Immunosuppressive effect of a low molecular weight surface protein from Renibacterium salmoninarum on lymphocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish Shellfish Immunol 1997; 7:273–282.
Gómez-Chiarri M, Brown LL, Levine RP. Protection against Renibacterium salmoninarum infection by DNA-based immunization. Aquaculture Biotechnology Symposium Proceedings. Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society, 1996:155–157.
Griffiths SG, Melville KJ, Salonius K. Reduction of Renibacterium salmoninarum culture activity in Atlantic salmon following vaccination with avirulent strains. Fish Shellfish Immun 1998; 8:607–619.
Kaattari SL, Piganelli JD. Immunization with bacterial antigens: Bacterial kidney disease. Dev Biol Stand 1997; 90:145–152.
Wood PA, Kaattari SL. Enhanced immunogenicity of Renibacterium salmoninarum in chinook salmon after removal of the bacterial cell surface-associated 57 kDa protein. Dis Aquat Org 1996; 25:71–9.
Ruffle SV, Sayre RT. Functional analysis of photosystem II. In: Goldshmidt-Cleremont M, Merchant S, Rochaix JD, eds. Molecular Biology of Chlamydomonas: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria, Chapter 16. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Harris EH. The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Guide to Biology and Laboratory Use. San Diego: Academic Press, 1989.
Gudding R, Lillehaug A, Evensen. Recent developments in fish vaccinology. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 72:203–212.
Newman SG. Bacterial vaccines for fish. Ann Rev Fish Dis 1993; 3:145–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Siripornadulsil, S., Dabrowski, K., Sayre, R. (2007). Microalgal Vaccines. In: León, R., Galván, A., Fernández, E. (eds) Transgenic Microalgae as Green Cell Factories. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 616. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75532-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75532-8_11
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75531-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-75532-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)