Women appear to have a lower incidence of sleep apnea, snoring, chronic mountain sickness and abnormal breathing than men, yet this beneficial effect appears to be lost with the decline in estrogen and progesterone seen during menopause (Leon-Velarde, Ramos, Hernandez, De Idiaquez, Munoz, Gaffo, Cordova, Durand and Monge 1997; Tatsumi, Pickett, Jacoby, Weil and Moore 1997). Further, although the ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia throughout the menstrual cycle in young women has been previously characterized, surprisingly few studies have compared resting ventilation (Ve) and hypercapnic ventilatory responses in young women (PEMW) (Regensteiner, Woodard, Hagerman, Weil, Pickett, Bender and Moore 1989) to postmenopausal women (PSMW). Finally, little is known about the ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia in PSMW taking hormonal therapy (PSMW-HT).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Behan, M., Zabka, A.G., Thomas, C.F. and Mitchell, G.S. (2003) Sex steroid hormones and the neural control of breathing. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 136, 249–263.
Conde, S.V., Obeso, A., Rigual, R., Monteiro, E.C. and Gonzalez, C. (2006) Function of the rat carotid body chemoreceptors in ageing. J. Neurochem. 99, 711–723.
Fatemian, M., Gamboa, A., Leon-Velarde, F., Rivera-Ch, M., Palacios, J.A. and Robbins, P.A. (2003) Plasticity in Respiratory Motor Control: Selected Contribution: Ventilatory response to CO2 in high-altitude natives and patients with chronic mountain sickness. J. Appl. Physiol. 94, 1279–1287.
Hayes, S.G., Moya Del Pino, N.B. and Kaufman, M.P. (2002) Estrogen attenuates the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to central command in cats. J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 1635–1641.
Ide, K., Eliasziw, M. and Poulin, M.J. (2003) The relationship between middle cerebral artery blood velocity and end-tidal PCO2 in the hypocapnic-hypercapnic range in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 129–137.
Leon-Velarde, F., Ramos, M.A., Hernandez, J.A., De Idiaquez, D., Munoz, L.S., Gaffo, A., Cordova, S., Durand, D. and Monge, C. (1997) The role of menopause in the development of chronic mountain sickness. Am. J. Physiol..272, R90–R94.
Leon-Velarde, F., Rivera-Chira, M., Tapia, R., Huicho, L. and Monge, C. (2001) Relationship of ovarian hormones to hypoxemia in women residents of 4, 300 m. Am. J. Physiol. 280, R488–R493.
Regensteiner, J.G., Woodard, W.D., Hagerman, D.D., Weil, J.V., Pickett, C.K., Bender, P.R. and Moore, L.G. (1989) Combined effects of female hormones and metabolic rate on ventilatory drives in women. J. Appl. Physiol. 66, 808–813.
Robbins, P.A., Swanson, G.D. and Howson, M.G. (1982) A prediction correction scheme for forcing alveolar gases along certain time courses. J. Appl. Physiol. 52, 1353–1357.
Tatsumi, K., Pickett, C.K., Jacoby, C.R., Weil, J.V. and Moore, L.G. (1997) Role of endogenous female hormones in hypoxic chemosensitivity. J. Appl. Physiol. 83, 1706–1710.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Debert, C.T., Ide, K., Poulin, M.J. (2008). Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Pre-menopausal and Post-menopausal Women. In: Poulin, M.J., Wilson, R.J.A. (eds) Integration in Respiratory Control. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 605. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_79
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73693-8_79
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-73692-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-73693-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)