Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Critical Issues in the Commercialization of DMFC and Role of Membranes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells

  • 2486 Accesses

Abstract

Mobile telecommunication devices in the next generation require a new concept of quick charging and a long-lasting mobile energy source. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is becoming attractive, but there are critical issues involved in its commercialization with regard to the core technologies of catalyst, membrane, membrane electrode assembly (MEA), stack, and system. More importantly, the main role of the proton-conducting membrane is enhancing the energy and power density and affecting the other components in DMFC systems. Functions, current status, and technical approaches are discussed in terms of protonic conductivity, methanol permeability, water permeability, life cycle, and processing cost as well as interaction with other compartments. Materials such as perfluorinated and partially fluorinated membranes, hydrocarbon membranes, composite membranes, and other modified ionomers have been studied in connection with technology roadmap of membrane and mobile DMFC systems. These would explain the critical issues of DMFC and the role of membranes for commercialization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. H. Chang, paper presented at the Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H. Chang, paper presented at the International Fuel Cell Expo, Tokyo 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. K. D. Kreuer, S. J. Paddison, E. Spohr, and M. Schuster, Chem. Rev. 104, 4637 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Tang, and P. N. Pintauro, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 79, 49 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Wycisk, and P. N. Pintauro, J. Membr. Sci. 119, 155 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. X. Ren, T. E. Springer, T. A. Zawodzinski Jr., and S. Gottesfeld, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 466 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. G. J. M. Janssen, and M. L. J. Overvelde, J. Power Sources 101, 117 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. B. Smitha, D. Suhanva, S. Sridhar, and M. Ramakrishna, J. Membr. Sci. 241, 1 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C. A. Edmondson, and J. J. Fontanella, Solid State Ionics 152–153, 355 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S. Y. Cha, N. Tran, A. T. Duong, G. Hou, M. Lefebvre, and A. Attia, PBFC 2003, 1st International Conference of Polymer for Battery and Fuel Cell (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  11. K. A. Mauritz, and R. B. Moore, Chem. Rev. 104, 4535 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. H. Kim, J. Cho, J. Yoon, and H. Chang, 2001 ECS Conference (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim, and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics 148, 601 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Guo, G. Sun, O. Wang, G. Wang, Z. Zhou, S. Tang, L. Jiang, B. Zhou, and O. Xin, Carbon 44, 152 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Makino, K. Furukawa, K. Okajima, and M. Sudoh, Electrochim. Acta 51, 961 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Baranton, C. Coutanceau, J. M. Leger, C. Roux, and P. Capron, Electrochim. Acta 51, 517 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Dillon, S. Srinivasan, A. S. Arico, and V. Antonucci, J. Power Sources 127, 112 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. W. L. Gore, B. Bahar, A. R. Hobson, J. A. Kodle, and A. Zuckerbrod, (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., US patent 5547551, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  19. C. Xie, J. Bostaph, and J. Pavio, J. Power Sources 136, 55 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. H. Kim, S. J. Choi, and H. Chang, 203rd ECS Paris Meeting (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  21. G. Q. Lu, F. Q. Liu, and C. Y. Wang, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 8, 1099 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. A. Hickner, H. Ghassemi, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, and J. E. McGrath, Chem. Rev. 104, 4587 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. A. Drake, W. Wilson, and K. Killeen, J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A413 (03 2004, 2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. E. Steck, Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on New Material Fuel Cell Systems, 74, (1995, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  25. W. G. Grot, Chem. Ind. 82, 161 (1994).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. H. L. Yeager, B. Kipling, and R. L. Dotson, J. Electrochem. Soc. 127, 303 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. A. F. Robertson, and H. L. Yeager, Macromolecules 29, 5166 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Doyle, M. E. Lewittes, M. G. Roelofs, S. A. Perusich, and S. A. Lowrey, J. Membr. Sci. 184, 257 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. A. Perusich, P. Avakian, and M. Y. Keating, Macromolecules 26, 4756 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. G. Rajendran, MRS Bullet. 30, 587 (2005).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. T. D. Gierke, and W. Y. Hsu, Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes. A. Eisenberg, H. L. Yeager, Eds., ACS Symposium Series No. 180. (American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1982), p 283.

    Google Scholar 

  32. M. Eikerling, A. A. Kornyshev, and U. Stimming, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 10807 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. G. Haubold, T. Vad, H. Jungbluth, and P. Hiller, Electrochim. Acta 46, 1559 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. J. James, T. J. McMaster, N. J. M, and M. J. Miles, Polymer 41, 4223 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. A. Every, M. A. Hickner, J. E. McGrath, and T. A. Zawodzinski Jr., J. Membr. Sci. 250, 183 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Choi, N. H. Jalani, and R. Datta, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, A1548 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Argyropoulos, K. Scott, A. K. Shukla, and C. Jackson, J. Power Sources 123, 190 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. V. M. Barragan, and A. Heinzel, J. Power Sources 104, 66 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Divisek, J. Fuhrmann, K. Gartner, and R. Jung, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A811 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. G. Murgia, L. Pisani, A. K. Shukla, and K. Scott, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A1231 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Z. H. Wang, and C. Y. Wang, Proceedings of International Symposium on Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. 286 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Z. H. Wang, and C. Y. Wang, J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A508 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. M. W. Verbrugge, J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 417 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Cruickshank, and K. Scott, J. Power Sources 70, 40 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. X. Ren, and S. Gottesfeld, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, L267 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. X. Ren, M. S. Wilson, and S. Gottesfeld, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143, L12 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J. Wei, C. Stone, and A. E. Steck, (Power Systems, Inc., US Patent 5422411, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. E. Steck, and C. Stone, Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium On New Material Fuel-Cell and Modern Battery Systems II, 792 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  49. H. Kim, (Samsung Electronics, US Patent, 6774150B2, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  50. L. Gubler, H. Kuhn, T. J. Schmidt, G. G. Scherer, H. P. Brack, and K. Simbeck, Fuel Cells 4, 196 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M. Patri, V. R. Hande, S. Phadnis, B. Somaiah, S. Roychoudhury, and P. C. Deb, Polym Adv. Technol. 15, 270 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Scott, W. M. Taama, and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci. 171, 119 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Shen, S. Roy, J. W. Kuhlmann, K. Scott, K. Lovell, and J. A. Horsfall, J. Membr. Sci. 251, 121 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. V. Saarinen, T. Kallio, M. Paronen, P. Tikkanen, E. Rauhala, and K. Kontturi, Electrochim. Acta 50, 3453 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A. S. Arico, V. Baglio, P. Creti, A. Di Blasi, V. Antonucci, J. Brunea, A. Chapotot, A. Bozzi, and J. Schoemans, J. Power Sources 123, 107 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. J. A. Kerres, J. Membr. Sci. 185, 3 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. M. S. Tirumkudulu, and W. B. Russel, Langmuir 21, (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  58. H. R. Allcock, M. A. Hofmann, C. M. Ambler, and R. V. Morford, Macromolecules 35, 3484 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. F. Wang, M. Hickner, Y. S. Kim, T. A. Zawodzinski, and J. E. McGrath, J. Membr. Sci. 197, 231 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. C. Genies, R. Mercier, B. Sillion, N. Cornet, G. Gebel, and M. Pineri, Polymer 42, 359 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. C. W. Walker Jr., J. Power Sources 110, 144 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Y. A. Elabd, E. Napadensky, J. A. Sloan, D. M. Crawford, and C. W. Walker, J. Membr. Sci. 217, 227 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. B. Smitha, S. Sridhar, and A. A. Khan, Macromolecules 37, 2233 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Ding, C. Chuy, and S. Holdcroft, Macromolecules 35, 1348 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Y. S. Kim, F. Wang, M. Hickner, S. McCartney, Y. T. Hong, W. Harrison, T. A. Zawodzinski, and J. E. McGrath, J. Polym. Sci. B 41, 2816 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. W. C. Choi, J. D. Kim, and S. I. Woo, J. Power Sources 96, 411 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. E. Smotkin, T. Mallouk, M. Wardchael, and K. Ley, (US Patent 5846669, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  68. S. R. Yoon, G. H. Hwang, W. I. Cho, I. H. Oh, S. A. Hong, and H. Y. Ha, J. Power Sources 106, 215 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. D. Kim, M. A. Scibioh, S. Kwak, I. H. Oh, and H. Y. Ha, Electrochem. Commun. 6, 1069 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. K. Lee, J. H. Nam, J. H. Lee, Y. Lee, S. M. Cho, C. H. Jung, H. G. Choi, Y. Y. Chang, J. U. Kwon, and J. D. Nam, Electrochem. Commun. 7, 113 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. D. Kim, J. Lee, T.-H. Lim, I.-H. Oh, H. Y. Ha, J. Power Sources 155, 203 (2006).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. S. Ren, C. Li, X. Zhao, Z. Wu, S. Wang, G. Sun, Q. Xin, and X. Yang, J. Membr. Sci. 247, 59 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Y. Higuchi, N. Terada, H. Shimoda, and S. Hommura, (Ashai Glass Co., EP1139472, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  74. T. Yamaguchi, F. Miyata, and S. Nakao, Adv. Mater. 15, 1198 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. T. Yamaguchi, H. Kuroki, and F. Miyata, Electrochem. Commun. 7, 730 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. J. A. Kerres, A. Ullrich, F. Meier, and T. Haering, J. Membr. Sci. 206, 443 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. J. A. Kerres, and A. Ullrich, Sep. Purif. Technol. 22–23, 1 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. J. Lin, M. Ouyang, J. M. Fenton, H. R. Kunz, J. T. Koberstein, and M. B. Cutlip, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70, 121 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. C. Hasiotis, Electrochim. Acta 46, 2401 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. S. Ren, G. Sun, C. Li, Z. Wu, W. Jin, and W. Chen, Mater. Lett. 60, 44 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. X. Li, D. Chen, D. Xu, C. Zhao, Z. Wang, H. Lu, H. Na, J. Membr. Sci. 275, 134 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. J. Qiao, T. Hamaya, and T. Okada, Polymer 46, 10809 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. K.-Y. Cho, J.-Y. Eom, H.-Y. ung, N.-S. Choi, Y. M. Lee, J.-K. Park, J.-H. Choi, K.-W. Park, and Y.-E. Sung, Electrochim. Acta 50, 583 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. H. J. Kim, H. J. Kim, Y. G. Shul, and H. S. Han, J. Power Sources 135, 66 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. G. K. S. Prakash, M. C. Smart, Q.-J. Wang, A. Atti, V. Pleynet, B. Yang, K. McGrath, G. A. Olah, S. R. Narayanan, and W. Chun, J. Fluorine Chem. 125, 1217 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. M. A. Smit, A. L. Ocampo, M. A. Espinosamedina, and P. J. Sebastian, J. Power Sources 124, 59 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. M. Watanabe, paper presented at the The Electrochemical Society Meeting PV 94–2, Pennington NJ 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  88. P. L. Antonucci, A. S. Arico, P. Creti, E. Ramunni, and V. Antonucci, Solid State Ionics 125, 431 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. K. A. Mauritz, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 6, 121 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Q. Deng, R. B. Moore, and K. A. Mauritz, Chem. Mater. 7, 2259 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Q. Deng, Y. Hu, R. B. Moore, C. L. McCormick, and K. A. Mauritz, Chem. Mater. 9, 36 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Q. Deng, C. A. Wilkie, R. B. Moore, and K. A. Mauritz, Polymer 39, 5961 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. D. H. Jung, S. Y. Cho, D. H. Peck, D. R. Shin, and J. S. Kim, J. Power Sources 106, 173 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. R. A. Zoppi, I. V. P. Yoshida, and S. P. Nunes, Polymer 39, 1309 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. R. A. Zoppi, and S. P. Nunes, Electroanal. Chem. 445, 39 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. H. Kim, J. Cho, J. Yoon, and H. Chang, (Korea Patent KR-P0413801, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  97. S. P. Nunes, B. Ruffmann, E. Rikowski, S. Vetter, and K. Richau, J. Membr. Sci. 203, 215 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. P. Dimitrova, K. A. Friedrich, U. Stimming, and B. Vogt, Solid State Ionics 150, 115 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. D. H. Jung, S. Y. Cho, D. H. Peck, D. R. Shin, and J. S. Kim, J. Power Sources 118, 205 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. M. L. Ponce, L. Prado, B. Ruffmann, K. Richau, R. Mohr, and S. P. Nunes, J. Membr. Sci. 217, 5 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. C. Rhee, H. Kim, J. S. Lee, and H. Chang, Chem. Mater. 17, 1691 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. S. Gottesfeld, Proceedings of Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications, 6th Edition (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  103. C. K. Shin, G. Maier, B. Andreaus, and G. G. Scherer, J. Membr. Sci. 245, 147 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Hyuk Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haekyoung Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yeong Suk Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wonmok Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada

    Takeshi Matsuura

  2. King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    S. M. Javaid Zaidi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chang, H., Kim, H., Choi, Y.S., Lee, W. (2009). Critical Issues in the Commercialization of DMFC and Role of Membranes. In: Zaidi, S.M.J., Matsuura, T. (eds) Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73532-0_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation