Abstract
Organisms use various clocks in order to adapt to the daily, tidal, monthly, and annual cycles of the environment. This chapter deals with circadian (daily) clocks and the role light plays in synchronizing them with the 24-hour cycles in the environment. We will first characterize these different clocks, their functions, and their properties (Section 14.1.). Then the effects of light on these clocks are presented (Section 14.2.). In the main part of the chapter the synchronization of the circadian system of several organisms by light is presented: Synechococcus and Synechocystis are chosen as representatives of cyanobacteria (Section 14.3.), the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium as a unicellular alga (Section 14.4.), Arabidopsis as a plant (Section 14.5.), the ascomycete Neurospora as a fungus (Section 14.6), Drosophila as an insect (Section 14.7.), and rodents (Section 14.8.) and humans (Section 14.9.) as mammals. In selecting these examples we want to show the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in almost all organisms and the similarities and differences in the effects of light and the mechanisms of the circadian clocks used by them. We furthermore mention models as important tools to deal with circadian clocks and their synchronization by light (Section 14.10.)
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Johnsson, A., Engelmann, W. (2008). The Biological Clock and Its Resetting by Light. In: Björn, L.O. (eds) Photobiology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72655-7_14
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