Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Adenocarcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions

  • Chapter
Molecular Pathology of Lung Diseases

Part of the book series: Molecular Pathology Library ((MPLB,volume 1))

  • 2118 Accesses

Abstract

In the 1940s and 1950s, squamous cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas (SCLCs) were regarded as the cigarette smoke-associated carcinomas, whereas adenocarcinomas were not. Even in the mid-1980s squamous cell carcinomas and SCLCs were the leading carcinomas in Europe, the United States, and southeast Asia. In an autopsy survey performed at the Medical University of Graz from 1980 to 1986, there were 35% lung cancer deaths from squamous cell carcinoma, 25% from SCLC, and only 12% adenocarcinomas (in Austria all patients dying in hospitals can be autopsied, the decision being made by the pathologist). In a second survey from the same institution from 1990 to 1996 adenocarcinoma was the most common at 37% of all lung cancer deaths (personal observation). In a combined survey of lung cancer biopsy tissue and resected lung cancer, adenocarcinoma further increased to 42% in 2001 and now is the leading lung cancer in most industrialized countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Wynder EL, Muscat JE. The changing epidemiology of smoking and lung cancer histology. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103Suppl 8:143–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Witschi H. Carcinogenic activity of cigarette smoke gas phase and its modulation by beta-carotene and Nacetylcysteine. Toxicol Sci 2005;84:81–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Schick S, Glantz S. Philip Morris toxicological experiments with fresh sidestream smoke: more toxic than mainstream smoke. Tob Control 2005;14:396–404.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Genotoxicity of environmental tobacco smoke: a review. Mutat Res 2004;567:427–445.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dopp E, Saedler J, Stopper H, et al. Mitotic disturbances and micronucleus induction in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblast cells caused by asbestos fibers. Environ Health Perspect 1995;103:268–271.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Harden SV, Tokumaru Y, Westra WH, et al. Gene promoter hypermethylation in tumors and lymph nodes of stage I lung cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:1370–1375.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lu C, Soria JC, Tang X, et al. Prognostic factors in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a multivariate analysis of six molecular markers. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:4575–4583.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Toyooka S, Maruyama R, Toyooka KO, et al. Smoke exposure, histologic type and geography-related differences in the methylation profiles of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2003;103:153–160.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Zaridze DG, Safaev RD, Belitsky GA, et al. Carcinogenic substances in Soviet tobacco products. IARC Sci Publ 1991:485–488.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Stabbert R, Voncken P, Rustemeier K, et al. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke. J Appl Toxicol 2003;23:329–339.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Jin Z, Gao F, Flagg T, Deng X. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK promotes functional cooperation of Bcl2 and c-Myc through phosphorylation in regulating cell survival and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2004;279:40209–40219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tsurutani J, Castillo SS, Brognard J, et al. Tobacco components stimulate Akt-dependent proliferation and NFkappaB-dependent survival in lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2005;26:1182–1195.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Herzog CR, Desai D, Amin S. Array CGH analysis reveals chromosomal aberrations in mouse lung adenocarcinomas induced by the human lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;341:856–863.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Norppa H. Cytogenetic biomarkers and genetic polymorphisms. Toxicol Lett 2004;149:309–334.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang GF, Lai MD, Yang RR, et al. Histological types and significance of bronchial epithelial dysplasia. Mod Pathol 2006;19:429–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ullmann R, Bongiovanni M, Halbwedl I, et al. Bronchiolar columnar cell dysplasia—genetic analysis of a novel preneoplastic lesion of peripheral lung. Virchows Arch 2003;442:429–436.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mori M, Rao SK, Popper HH, et al. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung: a probable forerunner in the development of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Mod Pathol 2001;14:72–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hu Z, Ma H, Lu D, et al. A promoter polymorphism (−77T > C) of DNA repair gene XRCC1 is associated with risk of lung cancer in relation to tobacco smoking. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005;15:457–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Matullo G, Dunning AM, Guarrera S, et al. DNA repair polymorphisms and cancer risk in non-smokers in a cohort study. Carcinogenesis 2005;27(5):997–1007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Zienolddiny S, Campa D, Lind H, et al. Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2006;27:560–567.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Forgacs E, Zochbauer-Muller S, Olah E, Minna JD. Molecular genetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2001;7:6–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. He B, You L, Uematsu K, et al. SOCS-3 is frequently silenced by hypermethylation and suppresses cell growth in human lung cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:14133–14138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lamy A, Sesboue R, Bourguignon J, et al. Aberrant methylation of the CDKN2a/p16INK4a gene promoter region in preinvasive bronchial lesions: a prospective study in highrisk patients without invasive cancer. Int J Cancer 2002;100:189–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li QL, Kim HR, Kim WJ, et al. Transcriptional silencing of the RUNX3 gene by CpG hypermethylation is associated with lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;314:223–228.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miller RR. Alveolar atypical hyperplasia in association with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 10 cases. Thorax 1993;48:679–680.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ullmann R, Bongiovanni M, Halbwedl I, et al. Is highgrade adenomatous hyperplasia an early bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma? J Pathol 2003;201:371–376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Granata C, Gambini C, Balducci T, et al. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in a child: a case report and review on malignancies originating in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation. Pediatr Pulmonol 1998;25:62–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. MacSweeney F, Papagiannopoulos K, Goldstraw P, et al. An assessment of the expanded classification of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations and their relationship to malignant transformation. Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:1139–1146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Stacher E, Ullmann R, Halbwedl I, et al. Atypical goblet cell hyperplasia in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation as a possible preneoplasia for pulmonary adenocarcinoma in childhood: a genetic analysis. Hum Pathol 2004;35:565–570.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Haura EB. Is repetitive wounding and bone marrow-derived stem cell mediated-repair an etiology of lung cancer development and dissemination? Med Hypotheses 2006;67:951–956.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Kim CF, Jackson EL, Woolfenden AE, et al. Identification of bronchioalveolar stem cells in normal lung and lung cancer. Cell 2005;121:823–835.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kerr KM, Fraire AE, Pugatch B, et al. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. In Travis WD, Brambilla E, Müller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC, eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2004:73–75.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kishimoto Y, Sugio K, Hung JY, et al. Allele-specific loss in chromosome 9p loci in preneoplastic lesions accompanying non-small-cell lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87:1224–1229.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Suzuki K, Ogura T, Yokose T, et al. Loss of heterozygosity in the tuberous sclerosis gene associated regions in adenocarcinoma of the lung accompanied by multiple atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. Int J Cancer 1998;79:384–389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kitaguchi S, Takeshima Y, Nishisaka T, Inai K. Proliferative activity, p53 expression and loss of heterozygosity on 3p, 9p and 17p in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung. Am J Clin Pathol 1999;111:610–622.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Takamochi K, Ogura T, Suzuki K, et al. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 9q and 16p in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia concomitant with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Am J Pathol 2001;159:1941–1948.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Petersen I, Bujard M, Petersen S, et al. Patterns of chromosomal imbalances in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Res 1997;57:2331–2335.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fong KM, Biesterveld EJ, Virmani A, et al. FHIT and FRA3B 3p14.2 allele loss are common in lung cancer and preneoplastic bronchial lesions and are associated with cancer-related FHIT cDNA splicing aberrations. Cancer Res 1997;57:2256–2267.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wong MP, Fung LF, Wang E, et al. Chromosomal aberrations of primary lung adenocarcinomas in nonsmokers. Cancer 2003;97:1263–1270.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sy SM, Wong N, Lee TW, et al. Distinct patterns of genetic alterations in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:1082–1094.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tsuchiya E, Tanigami A, Ishikawa Y, et al. Three new regions on chromosome 17p13.3 distal to p53 with possible tumor suppressor gene involvement in lung cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000;91:589–596.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Aoyagi Y, Yokose T, Minami Y, et al. Accumulation of losses of heterozygosity and multistep carcinogenesis in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2001;61:7950–7954.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Sanchez-Cespedes M, Ahrendt SA, Piantadosi S, et al. Chromosomal alterations in lung adenocarcinoma from smokers and nonsmokers. Cancer Res 2001;61:1309–1313.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Copin MC, Buisine MP, Devisme L, et al. Normal respiratory mucosa, precursor lesions and lung carcinomas: differential expression of human mucin genes. Front Biosci 2001;6:D1264–D1275.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Moniaux N, Escande F, Porchet N, et al. Structural organization and classification of the human mucin genes. Front Biosci 2001;6:D1192–D1206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Tanaka R, Wang D, Morishita Y, et al. Loss of function of p16 gene and prognosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2005;103:608–615.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Yokota J, Nishioka M, Tani M, Kohno T. Genetic alterations responsible for metastatic phenotypes of lung cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2003;20:189–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hirsch FR, Varella-Garcia M, Bunn PA Jr, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small-cell lung carcinomas: correlation between gene copy number and protein expression and impact on prognosis. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3798–3807.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Li J, Zhang Z, Dai Z, et al. LOH of chromosome 12p correlates with Kras2 mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2003;22:1243–1246.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Uchiyama M, Usami N, Kondo M, et al. Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 12p does not correlate with KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2003;107:962–969.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Yanagitani N, Kohno T, Kim JG, et al. Identification of D19S246 as a novel lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility locus by genome survey with 10-cM resolution microsatellite markers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:366–371.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Suzuki M, Shigematsu H, Iizasa T, et al. Exclusive mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor gene, HER-2, and KRAS, and synchronous methylation of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2006;106:2200–2207.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Tam IY, Chung LP, Suen WS, et al. Distinct epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco exposure and clinicopathologic features. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1647–1653.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Bongiorno PF, Whyte RI, Lesser EJ, et al. Alterations of K-ras, p53, and erbB-2/neu in human lung adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:590–595.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Kern JA, Slebos RJ, Top B, et al. C-erbB-2 expression and codon 12 K-ras mutations both predict shortened survival for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinomas. J Clin Invest 1994;93:516–520.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Westra WH, Baas IO, Hruban RH, et al. K-ras oncogene activation in atypical alveolar hyperplasias of the human lung. Cancer Res 1996;56:2224–2228.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Garber ME, Troyanskaya OG, Schluens K, et al. Diversity of gene expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:13784–13789.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Singhal S, Amin KM, Kruklitis R, et al. Alterations in cell cycle genes in early stage lung adenocarcinoma identified by expression profiling. Cancer Biol Ther 2003;2:291–298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Endoh H, Tomida S, Yatabe Y, et al. Prognostic model of pulmonary adenocarcinoma by expression profiling of eight genes as determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:811–819.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Singhal S, Amin KM, Kruklitis R, et al. Differentially expressed apoptotic genes in early stage lung adenocarcinoma predicted by expression profiling. Cancer Biol Ther 2003;2:566–571.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Chen G, Bhojani MS, Heaford AC, et al. Phosphorylated FADD induces NF-kappaB, perturbs cell cycle, and is associated with poor outcome in lung adenocarcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005;102:12507–12512.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Qi W, Liu X, Qiao D, Martinez JD. Isoform-specific expression of 14-3-3 proteins in human lung cancer tissues. Int J Cancer 2005;113:359–363.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Su JL, Shih JY, Yen ML, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 induces EP1-and HER-2/Neu-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor-C up-regulation: a novel mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2004;64:554–564.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Saad RS, Liu Y, Han H, et al. Prognostic significance of HER2/neu, p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in early stage conventional adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung. Mod Pathol 2004;17:1235–1242.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Yuan A, Yang PC, Yu CJ, et al. Interleukin-8 messenger ribonucleic acid expression correlates with tumor progression, tumor angiogenesis, patient survival, and timing of relapse in non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1957–1963.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Takenaka K, Ishikawa S, Kawano Y, et al. Expression of a novel matrix metalloproteinase regulator, RECK, and its clinical significance in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:1617–1623.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Chen JT, Lin TS, Chow KC, et al. Cigarette smoking induces overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor in type II pneumocytes and lung cancer cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006;34:264–273.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ma PC, Jagadeeswaran R, Jagadeesh S, et al. Functional expression and mutations of c-Met and its therapeutic inhibition with SU11274 and small interfering RNA in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2005;65:1479–1488.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Setogawa T, Shinozaki-Yabana S, Masuda T, et al. The tumor suppressor LKB1 induces p21 expression in collaboration with LMO4, GATA-6, and Ldb1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;343:1186–1190.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Mak BC, Yeung RS. The tuberous sclerosis complex genes in tumor development. Cancer Invest 2004;22:588–603.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lizcano JM, Goransson O, Toth R, et al. LKB1 is a master kinase that activates 13 kinases of the AMPK subfamily, including MARK/PAR-1. EMBO J 2004;23:833–843.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Sato K, Tomizawa Y, Iijima H, et al. Epigenetic inactivation of the RUNX3 gene in lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2006;15:129–135.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Borczuk AC, Kim HK, Yegen HA, et al. Lung adenocarcinoma global profiling identifies type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor as a repressor of invasiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;172:729–737.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Hofmann HS, Bartling B, Simm A, et al. Identification and classification of differentially expressed genes in non-small cell lung cancer by expression profiling on a global human 59. 620-element oligonucleotide array. Oncol Rep 2006;16:587–595.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Field JK, Liloglou T, Warrak S, et al. Methylation discriminators in NSCLC identified by a microarray based approach. Int J Oncol 2005;27:105–111.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yanaihara N, Caplen N, Bowman E, et al. Unique micro-RNA molecular profiles in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Cell 2006;9:189–198.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Seike M, Kondo T, Fujii K, et al. Proteomic signatures for histological types of lung cancer. Proteomics 2005;5:2939–2948.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Keshamouni VG, Michailidis G, Grasso CS, et al. Differential protein expression profiling by iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS of lung cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition reveals a migratory/invasive phenotype. J Proteome Res 2006;5:1143–1154.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Li R, Wang H, Bekele BN, et al. Identification of putative oncogenes in lung adenocarcinoma by a comprehensive functional genomic approach. Oncogene 2006;25:2628–2635.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Ullmann R, Morbini P, Halbwedl I, et al. Protein expression profiles in adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung generated using tissue microarrays. J Pathol 2004;203:798–807.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Chen G, Gharib TG, Thomas DG, et al. Proteomic analysis of eIF-5A in lung adenocarcinomas. Proteomics 2003;3:496–504.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Tsuta K, Ishii G, Nitadori J, et al. Comparison of the immunophenotypes of signet-ring cell carcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production, and mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic mucin. J Pathol 2006;209:78–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gemma A, Takenaka K, Hosoya Y, et al. Altered expression of several genes in highly metastatic subpopulations of a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:1554–1561.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Mulet A, Garrido G, Alvarez A, et al. The enlargement of the hormone immune deprivation concept to the blocking of TGFalpha-autocrine loop: EGFR signaling inhibition. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006;55:628–638.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Fernandes A, Hamburger AW, Gerwin BI. ErbB-2 kinase is required for constitutive stat 3 activation in malignant human lung epithelial cells. Int J Cancer 1999;83:564–570.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Boulougouris P, Elder J. Epidermal growth factor receptor structure, regulation, mitogenic signalling and effects of activation. Anticancer Res 2001;21:2769–2775.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Sithanandam G, Smith GT, Fields JR, et al. Alternate paths from epidermal growth factor receptor to Akt in malignant versus nontransformed lung epithelial cells: ErbB3 versus Gab1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2005;33:490–499.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Franklin WA, Veve R, Hirsch FR, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor family in lung cancer and premalignancy. Semin Oncol 2002;29:3–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Hirsch FR, Scagliotti GV, Langer CJ, et al. Epidermal growth factor family of receptors in preneoplasia and lung cancer: perspectives for targeted therapies. Lung Cancer 2003;41(Suppl 1):S29–S42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Endoh H, et al. Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in lung cancer: biological and clinical implications. Cancer Res 2004;64:8919–8923.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, et al. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2129–2139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Shigematsu H, Lin L, Takahashi T, et al. Clinical and biological features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:339–346.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Kawai T, Hiroi S, Torikata C. Expression in lung carcinomas of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors. Lab Invest 1997;77:431–436.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Osada H, Tatematsu Y, Saito H, et al. Reduced expression of class II histone deacetylase genes is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2004;112:26–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Moorehead RA, Sanchez OH, Baldwin RM, Khokha R. Transgenic overexpression of IGF-II induces spontaneous lung tumors: a model for human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2003;22:853–857.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Arinaga M, Noguchi T, Takeno S, et al. Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2003;97:457–464.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Stefanou D, Goussia AC, Arkoumani E, Agnantis NJ. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the adhesion molecule E-cadherin in non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 2003;23:4715–4720.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Gharib TG, Chen G, Huang CC, et al. Genomic and proteomic analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 in lung adenocarcinomas. Clin Lung Cancer 2004;5:307–312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Chang CC, Lin MT, Lin BR, et al. Effect of connective tissue growth factor on hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha degradation and tumor angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:984–995.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor celecoxib abrogates activation of cigarette smokeinduced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB by suppressing activation of IkappaBalpha kinase in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: correlation with suppression of cyclin D1, COX-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Cancer Res 2004;64:5004–5012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Tsao MS, Liu N, Chen JR, et al. Differential expression of Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor in subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers. Lung Cancer 1998;20:1–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Beer DG, Kardia SL, Huang CC, et al. Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med 2002;8:816–824.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Goeze A, Schluns K, Wolf G, et al. Chromosomal imbalances of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. J Pathol 2002;196:8–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Pathology, Laboratories for Molecular Cytogenetics, Environmental and Respiratory Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Helmut H. Popper MD

Authors
  1. Helmut H. Popper MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA

    Dani S. Zander MD

  2. Institute of Pathology, Laboratories for Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Helmut H. Popper MD

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Jaishree Jagirdar MD

  4. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY

    Abida K. Haque MD

  5. Department of Pathology, San Jacinto Methodist Hospital, Baytown, TX, USA

    Abida K. Haque MD

  6. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY

    Philip T. Cagle MD  & Roberto Barrios MD  & 

  7. The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Philip T. Cagle MD  & Roberto Barrios MD  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Popper, H.H. (2008). Adenocarcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions. In: Zander, D.S., Popper, H.H., Jagirdar, J., Haque, A.K., Cagle, P.T., Barrios, R. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Lung Diseases. Molecular Pathology Library, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-72429-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-72430-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation