Abstract
The use of tissue cultures as a research tool to investigate the pathophysiologic bases of diseases has become essential in the current age of molecular biomedical research. Although it will always be necessary to translate and validate the observations seen in vitro to the patient or animal, the ability to investigate the role(s) of individual variables free from confounders is paramount toward increasing our understanding of the physiology of the lung and the role of its cellular components in disease. Additionally, it is not feasible to conduct certain research in humans because of ethical constraints, yet investigators may still be interested in the physiologic response in human tissues; in vitro characterization of human tissue is an acceptable choice.
Chapter PDF
References
Clements JA, King RJ. Composition of surface active material. In: Crystal RG, ed. The Biochemical Basis of Pulmonary Function. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1976:363–387.
Huber HL, Koessler KK. The pathology of bronchial asthma. Arch Int Med 1922;30:689–760.
Hoffman RM. Three-dimensional histoculture: origins and applications in cancer research. Cancer Cells 1991;3:86–92.
Sherwin RP, Richters A, Yellin AE, et al. Histoculture of human breast cancers. J Surg Oncol 1980;13:9–20.
Scherer WF, Syverton JT, Gey GO. Studies on the propagation in vitro of poliomyelitis viruses. IV. Viral multiplication in a stable strain of human malignant epithelial cells (strain HeLa) derived from an epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. J Exp Med 1953;97:695–710.
Look DC, Walter MJ, Williamson MR, et al. Effects of paramyxoviral infection on airway epithelial cell Foxj1 expression, ciliogenesis, and mucociliary function. Am J Pathol 2001;159:2055–2069.
Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1994.
Tsao M, Viallet J. Preclinical models of lung cancer: cultured cells and organ culture. In: Lenfant C, ed. Biology of Lung Cancer. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1998:215–246.
Walboomers JM, Meijer CJ, Steenbergen RD, et al. [Human papillomavirus and the development of cervical cancer: concept of carcinogenesis.] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2000;144:1671–1674.
Adamson IY, Young L, Bowden DH. Relationship of alveolar epithelial injury and repair to the induction of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 1988;130:377–383.
Krump-Konvalinkova V, Bittinger F, Unger RE, et al. Generation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell lines. Lab Invest 2001;81:1717–1727.
Rep M, van Dijl JM, Suda K, et al. Promotion of mitochondrial membrane complex assembly by a proteolytically inactive yeast Lon. Science 1996;274:103–106.
Gruenert DC, Finkbeiner WE, Widdicombe JH. Culture and transformation of human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol 1995;268:L347–L360.
Vertrees RA, Das GC, Coscio AM, et al. A mechanism of hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in ras-transformed lung cells. Mol Carcinog 2005;44:111–121.
Vertrees RA, Nason R, Hold MD, et al. Smoke/burn injury-induced respiratory failure elicits apoptosis in ovine lungs and cultured lung cells, ameliorated with arteriovenous CO2 removal. Chest 2004;125:1472–1482.
Lechner JF, Haugen A, Autrup H, et al. Clonal growth of epithelial cells from normal adult human bronchus. Cancer Res 1981;41:2294–2304.
Wallaert B, Fahy O, Tsicopoulos A, et al. Experimental systems for mechanistic studies of toxicant induced lung inflammation. Toxicol Lett 2000;112–113:157–163.
Shaul PW. Regulation of vasodilator synthesis during lung development. Early Hum Dev 1999;54:271–294.
Halayko AJ, Salari H, Ma X, et al. Markers of airway smooth muscle cell phenotype. Am J Physiol 1996;270:L1040–L1051.
Halayko AJ, Rector E, Stephens NL. Airway smooth muscle cell proliferation: characterization of subpopulations by sensitivity to heparin inhibition. Am J Physiol 1998;274:L17–L25.
Halayko AJ, Camoretti-Mercado B, Forsythe SM, et al. Divergent differentiation paths in airway smooth muscle culture: induction of functionally contractile myocytes. Am J Physiol 1999;276:L197–L206.
Stewart AG. Airway wall remodelling and hyperresponsiveness: modelling remodelling in vitro and in vivo. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2001;14:255–265.
Gazdar AF, Minna JD. NCI series of cell lines: an historical perspective. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1996;24:1–11.
Baillie-Johnson H, Twentyman PR, Fox NE, et al. Establishment and characterisation of cell lines from patients with lung cancer (predominantly small cell carcinoma). Br J Cancer 1985;52:495–504.
Oie HK, Russell EK, Carney DN, et al. Cell culture methods for the establishment of the NCI series of lung cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1996;24:24–31.
Sethi T, Rintoul RC, Moore SM, et al. Extracellular matrix proteins protect small cell lung cancer cells against apoptosis: a mechanism for small cell lung cancer growth and drug resistance in vivo. Nat Med 1999;5:662–668.
Gikas EG, King RJ, Mescher EJ, et al. Radioimmunoassay of pulmonary surface-active material in the tracheal fluid of the fetal lamb. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:587–593.
Goodwin MN Jr. Selected anatomic burn pathology review for clinicians and pathologists. Aviat Space Environ Med 1989;60:B39–B43.
Lionetti V, Recchia FA, Ranieri VM. Overview of ventilator-induced lung injury mechanisms. Curr Opin Crit Care 2005;11:82–86.
Balamugesh T, Kaur S, Majumdar S, et al. Surfactant protein-A levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Indian J Med Res 2003;117:129–133.
Herrera MT, Toledo C, Valladares F, et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure modulates local and systemic inflammatory responses in a sepsis-induced lung injury model. Intensive Care Med 2003;29:1345–1353.
Imai Y, Parodo J, Kajikawa O, et al. Injurious mechanical ventilation and end-organ epithelial cell apoptosis and organ dysfunction in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA 2003;289:2104–2112.
Schiller HJ, Steinberg J, Halter J, et al. Alveolar inflation during generation of a quasi-static pressure/volume curve in the acutely injured lung. Crit Care Med 2003;31:1126–1133.
Song ZF, Yu KL, Shan HW, et al. [Evaluation of mechanical ventilation for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of interstitial pneumonia after renal transplantation.] Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2003;15:358–361.
Alcorn JL, Smith ME, Smith JF, et al. Primary cell culture of human type II pneumonocytes: maintenance of a differentiated phenotype and transfection with recombinant adenoviruses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997;17:672–682.
Leighton J, Justh G, Esper M, et al. Collagen-coated cellulose sponge: three dimensional matrix for tissue culture of Walker tumor 256. Science 1967;155:1259–1261.
Leighton J, Tchao R, Stein R, et al. Histophysiologic gradient culture of stratified epithelium. Methods Cell Biol 1980;21B:287–307.
Hoffman RM. The three-dimensional question: can clinically relevant tumor drug resistance be measured in vitro? Cancer Metastasis Rev 1994;13:169–173.
Leighton J. Structural biology of epithelial tissue in histophysiologic gradient culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1992;28A:482–492.
Strangeways T. Tissue culture in relation to growth and differentiation. Cambridge, England: W Heffer and Sons; 1924.
Fell HB, Robinson R. The growth, development and phosphatase activity of embryonic avian femora and end-buds cultivated in vitro. Biochem J 1929;23:767–784.
Browning TH, Trier JS. Organ culture of mucosal biopsies of human small intestine. J Clin Invest 1969;48:1423–1432.
Inch WR, McCredie JA, Sutherland RM. Growth of nodular carcinomas in rodents compared with multicell spheroids in tissue culture. Growth 1970;34:271–282.
Gallup DM, Gerhardt P. Dialysis fermentor systems for concentrated culture of microorganisms. Appl Microbiol 1963;11:506–512.
Chang TM. Semipermeable microcapsules. Science 1964;146:524–525.
Butterworth TA, Wang DI, Sinskey AJ. Application of ultrafiltration for enzyme retention during continuous enzymatic reaction. Biotechnol Bioeng 1970;12:615–631.
Knazek RA, Gullino PM, Kohler PO, et al. Cell culture on artificial capillaries: an approach to tissue growth in vitro. Science 1972;178:65–67.
Belfort G. Membranes and bioreactors: a technical challenge in biotechnology. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989;33:1047–1066.
Chang HN. Membrane bioreactors: engineering aspects. Biotechnol Adv 1987;5:129–145.
Chang HN, Furusaki S. Membrane bioreactors: present and prospects. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 1991;44:27–64.
Gekas VC. Artificial membrane as carrier for the immobilization of biocatalysts. Enz Microb Technol 1986;8:450–460.
Hopkinson J. Hollow fiber cell culture in industry. In: Mattiasson B, ed. Immobilized Cells and Organelles. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1983.
Kitano H, Ise N. Hollow fiber enzyme reactors. Trends Biotechnol 1984;2:5–7.
Angele P, Kujat R, Nerlich M, et al. Engineering of osteochondral tissue with bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells in a derivatized hyaluronan-gelatin composite sponge. Tissue Eng 1999;5:545–554.
Schoeters G, Leppens H, Van Gorp U, et al. Haemopoietic long-term bone marrow cultures from adult mice show osteogenic capacity in vitro on 3-dimensional collagen sponges. Cell Prolif 1992;25:587–603.
Van Wezel AL. Microcarrier/cultures of animal cells. In: Paterson MK, ed. Tissue Culture: Methods and Applications. New York: Academic Press; 1973.
Glacken MW, Fleishaker RJ, Sinskey AJ. Mammalian cell culture: engineering principles and scale-up. Trends in Biotech 1983;1:102–108.
Goodwin TJ, Jessup JM, Wolf DA. Morphologic differentiation of colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and HT-29KM in rotating-wall vessels. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1992;28A:47–60.
Croughan MS, Hammel JF, Wang DIC. Hydrodynamic effects on animal cells in microcarrier cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987;29:130–141.
Cherry RS, Papoutsakis ET. Physical mechanisms of cell damage in microcarrier cell culture bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988;32:1001–1004.
Croughan MS, Wang DI. Growth and death in over agitated microcarrier cell cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989;33:731–744.
Cherry RS, Hulle CT. Cell death in the thin films of bursting bubbles. Biotechnol Prog 1992;8:11–18.
Nilsson K, Buzsaky F, Mosbach K. Growth of anchorage-dependent cells on macroporous microcarriers. Biotechnology 1986;4:989–990.
Croughan MS, Sayre SS, Wang DI. Viscous reduction of turbulent damage in animal cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 1989;33:862–872.
Thalmann E. Biological experiences in bubble-free aeration system. Acta Biotechnol 1989;39:511–516.
Clark J, Hirstenstein H, Gebb C. Critical parameters in the microcarrier culture of animal cells. Dev Biol Stand 1980;46:117–124.
Feder J, Tolbert WR. The large-scale cultivation of mammalian cells. Sci Am 1983;248:36–43.
Wolf DA, Schwarz RP. Analysis of gravity-induced particle motion and fluid perfusion flow in the NASA-designed rotating zero-head-space tissue culture vessel. NASA Tech Paper 1991:3143.
Schwarz RP, Goodwin TJ, Wolf DA. Cell culture for three-dimensional modeling in rotating-wall vessels: an application of simulated microgravity. J Tissue Cult Methods 1992;14:51–57.
Shih IM, Herlyn M. Autocrine and paracrine roles for growth factors in melanoma. In Vivo 1994;8:113–123.
Herlyn M, Kath R, Williams N, et al. Growth-regulatory factors for normal, premalignant, and malignant human cells in vitro. Adv Cancer Res 1990;54:213–234.
Goodwin TJ, Prewett TL, Wolf DA, et al. Reduced shear stress: a major component in the ability of mammalian tissues to form three-dimensional assemblies in simulated microgravity. J Cell Biochem 1993;51:301–311.
Goodwin TJ, Prewett TL, Spaulding GF, et al. Three-dimensional culture of a mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary: expression of in vivo characteristics. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997;33:366–374.
Prewett TL, Goodwin TJ, Spaulding GF. Three-dimensional modeling of T-24 human bladder carcinoma cell line: a new simulated microgravity vessel. J Tissue Cult Methods 1993;15:29–36.
Kerbel RS, Rak J, Kobayashi H, et al. Multicellular resistance: a new paradigm to explain aspects of acquired drug resistance of solid tumors. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1994;59:661–672.
Li LH, Bhuyan BK, Wallace TL. Comparison of cytotoxicity of agents on monolayer and spheroid systems. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1989;30:2435A.
Smith KS, Badiner GJ, Adams FG, et al. Modified 2-tumour (L1210, colon 38) assay to screen for solid tumor selective agents. Proc Symp Anticancer Drug Discovery Dev 2006 (in press).
Lawler EM, Miller FR, Heppner GH. Significance of three-dimensional growth patterns of mammary tissues in collagen gels. In Vitro 1983;19:600–610.
Miller BE, Miller FR, Heppner GH. Assessing tumor drug sensitivity by a new in vitro assay which preserves tumor heterogeneity and subpopulation interactions. J Cell Physiol Suppl 1984;3:105–116.
Miller BE, Miller FR, Heppner GH. Factors affecting growth and drug sensitivity of mouse mammary tumor lines in collagen gel cultures. Cancer Res 1985;45:4200–4205.
Simon-Assmann P, Bouziges F, Vigny M, et al. Origin and deposition of basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the developing intestine. J Cell Biol 1989;109:1837–1848.
Teicher BA, Herman TS, Holden SA, et al. Tumor resistance to alkylating agents conferred by mechanisms operative only in vivo. Science 1990;247:1457–1461.
Kobayashi H, Man S, Graham CH, et al. Acquired multicellular-mediated resistance to alkylating agents in cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:3294–3298.
Margolis J, Li ZP. Heat sterilisation to inactivate AIDS virus in lyophilised factor VIII [lett]. Aust NZ J Med 1986;16:413.
Ingram M, Techy GB, Saroufeem R, et al. Three-dimensional growth patterns of various human tumor cell lines in simulated microgravity of a NASA bioreactor. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997;33:459–466.
Margolis L, Hatfill S, Chuaqui R, et al. Long term organ culture of human prostate tissue in a NASA-designed rotating wall bioreactor. J Urol 1999;161:290–297.
Zhau HE, Goodwin TJ, Chang SM, et al. Establishment of a three-dimensional human prostate organoid coculture under microgravity-simulated conditions: evaluation of androgen-induced growth and PSA expression. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997;33:375–380.
Wang R, Xu J, Juliette L, et al. Three-dimensional coculture models to study prostate cancer growth, progression, and metastasis to bone. Semin Cancer Biol 2005;15:353–364.
Nickerson CA, Goodwin TJ, Terlonge J, et al. Three-dimensional tissue assemblies: novel models for the study of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2001;69:7106–7120.
Hiemstra PS, Bals R. Series introduction: Innate host defense of the respiratory epithelium. J Leuk Biol 2004;75:3–4.
Knight DA, Holgate ST. The airway epithelium: structural and functional properties in health and disease. Respirology 2003;8:432–446.
Gibson MC, Perrimon N. Apicobasal polarization: epithelial form and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2003;15:747–752.
Cotran R, Kumar V, Collins T. Robbins Infectious Diseases, 6th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999.
Garofalo RP, Haeberle H. Epithelial regulation of innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000;23:581–585.
Polito AJ, Proud D. Epithelia cells as regulators of airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:714–718.
Ke Y, Reddel RR, Gerwin BI, et al. Human bronchial epithelial cells with integrated SV40 virus T antigen genes retain the ability to undergo squamous differentiation. Differentiation 1988;38:60–66.
Stoner GD, Katoh Y, Foidart JM, et al. Identification and culture of human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods Cell Biol 1980;21A:15–35.
Wu R, Sato GH, Whitcutt MJ. Developing differentiated epithelial cell cultures: airway epithelial cells. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1986;6:580–590.
Gray GD, Wickstrom E. Evaluation of anchorage-independent proliferation in tumorigenic cells using the redox dye alamar Blue. Biotechniques 1996;21:780–782.
Adler KB, Li Y. Airway epithelium and mucus: intracellular signaling pathways for gene expression and secretion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001;25:397–400.
Fukamachi H. Disorganization of stroma alters epithelial differentiation of the glandular stomach in adult mice. Cell Tissue Res 1986;243:65–68.
Sutherland AE, Calarco PG, Damsky CH. Expression and function of cell surface extracellular matrix receptors in mouse blastocyst attachment and outgrowth. J Cell Biol 1988;106:1331–1348.
Wiens D, Park CS, Stockdale FE. Milk protein expression and ductal morphogenesis in the mammary gland in vitro: hormone-dependent and-independent phases of adipocyte-mammary epithelial cell interaction. Dev Biol 1987;120:245–258.
Kaye GI, Siegel LF, Pascal RR. Cell replication of mesenchymal elements in adult tissues. I. The replication and migration of mesenchymal cells in the adult rabbit dermis. Anat Rec 1971;169:593–611.
Buset M, Winawer S, Friedman E. Defining conditions to promote the attachment of adult human colonic epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1987;23:403–412.
Daneker GW Jr., Mercurio AM, Guerra L, et al. Laminin expression in colorectal carcinomas varying in degree of differentiation. Arch Surg 1987;122:1470–1474.
Durban EM, Knepper JE, Medina D, et al. Influence of mammary cell differentiation on the expression of proteins encoded by endogenous BALB/c mouse mammary tumor virus genes. Virus Res 1990;16:307–323.
O’Brien LE, Zegers MM, Mostov KE. Opinion: Building epithelial architecture: insights from three-dimensional culture models. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002;3:531–537.
Goodwin TJ, Deatly AM, Suderman MT, et al. Three-dimensional engineered high fidelity normal human lung tissue-like assemblies (TLA) as targets for human respiratory virus infection. In: American Society for Virology 22nd Annual Meeting, 2003 (abstr).
Suderman MT, Mossel E, Watts DM, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV infection in a three-dimensional human bronchial-tracheal (HBTE) tissue-like assembly. In: American Society for Virology 23rd Annual Meeting, 2004 (abstr).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vertrees, R.A., Goodwin, T., Jordan, J.M., Zwischenberger, J.B. (2008). Tissue Culture Models. In: Zander, D.S., Popper, H.H., Jagirdar, J., Haque, A.K., Cagle, P.T., Barrios, R. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Lung Diseases. Molecular Pathology Library, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_15
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-72429-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-72430-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)