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Atherosclerosis and Oxidant Stress pp 159–210Cite as

Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Atherogenesis

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in both males and females in the United States, and are classified into four major forms: coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (stroke), hypertensive disease (high blood pressure), and rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease. Over 70 million Americans (1 in 4) have one or more types of cardiovascular disease, and in 2002, 38% of all deaths in the U.S. were attributed to cardiovascular diseases, equal to 1 of every 2.6 deaths. In fact, fatalities due to cardiovascular diseases each year are about equal to the next five leading causes of death combined: cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, diabetes mellitus, and pneumonia/influenza. Based on age-adjusted statistics, cardiovascular disease targets 34.3% of male and 32.4% of female non-Hispanic whites; 41.1% of male and 44.7% of female non-Hispanic blacks; and 29.2% of male and 29.3% of female Mexican Americans. According to the Centers for Disease Control and National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS), if all forms of major cardiovascular diseases were eliminated, life expectancy of the U.S. population would rise by almost 7 years.

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  1. Division of Reproductive and Urologic Products, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, 20993, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Kimberly P. Miller PhD

  2. Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA

    Kenneth S. Ramos PhD

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    Jordan L. Holtzman M.D., Ph.D

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Miller, K.P., Ramos, K.S. (2008). Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Atherogenesis. In: Holtzman, J.L. (eds) Atherosclerosis and Oxidant Stress. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72347-1_8

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