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Translocation of Oncogenic T-DNA and Effector Proteins to Plant Cells

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Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology

Agrobacterium tumefaciens has evolved as a phytopathogen by adapting a DNA conjugation system for the novel purpose of delivering oncogenic T-DNA and protein substrates to susceptible plant cells. This transfer system is a member of a large family of translocation systems termed the type IV secretion (T4S) systems. The T4S systems are structurally complex machines assembled from a dozen or more membrane proteins often in response to environmental signals. In A. tumefaciens and other Gram-negative bacteria, the T4S machines assemble as a cell-envelope spanning secretion channel and an extracellular pilus. Recent studies of the A. tumefaciens VirB/D4 T4S system and closely related systems have advanced our understanding of T4S secretion in several fundamental areas, including: (i) T-DNA processing reactions and requirements for T-DNA and protein substrate recruitment, (ii) stages leading to assembly and polar positioning of the transfer apparatus, (iii) VirB subunit membrane topologies and structures and transfer channel architecture, (iv) energetic contributions to machine assembly and function, and (v) the T-DNA translocation route through the VirB/D4 transfer channel. These studies are generating a picture of the VirB/D4 T4S system as multifunctional and structurally dynamic. The wealth of information generated by many laboratories in recent years has established the A. tumefaciens VirB/D4 T4S system as an important paradigm for unraveling the mechanistic details of DNA and protein trafficking between diverse cell types.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin street, Houston, TX 77030, USA

    Krishnamohan Atmakuri & Peter J. Christie

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  1. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 N. University Ave. 4071D Natural Science Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA

    Tzvi Tzfira

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11792-5215, USA

    Vitaly Citovsky

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Atmakuri, K., Christie, P.J. (2008). Translocation of Oncogenic T-DNA and Effector Proteins to Plant Cells. In: Tzfira, T., Citovsky, V. (eds) Agrobacterium: From Biology to Biotechnology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72290-0_9

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