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Control of Protein Synthesis by Insulin

  • Chapter
Mechanisms of Insulin Action

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Abstract

The stimulation of protein synthesis is a classic action of insulin. 1–3 Loss of the stimulatory effect of insulin on protein synthesis contributes to the cessation of growth and weight loss, which are hallmarks of untreated Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effect of insulin on protein metabolism is complex and involves changes in both synthesis and degradation.1–3 In some cell types an increase in rate of protein synthesis may be detected within minutes of insulin treatment. This response to insulin occurs within a timeframe comparable to that of other acute actions of the hormone, such as the activation of glucose transport and glycogen synthase activation. The rapid effects of insulin on protein synthesis involve increases in mRNA translation, the process through which the genetic code transcribed in the mRNA template is translated into protein.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800735, 1300 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0735, USA

    John C. Lawrence Jr.

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Christian, J.F., Lawrence, J.C. (2007). Control of Protein Synthesis by Insulin. In: Mechanisms of Insulin Action. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72204-7_4

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