The actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family of actin assembly regulatory proteins is essential for the survival of all eukaryotes including protists, plants, and animals (reviewed in Bamburg 1999). In multicellular organisms, ADF/cofilin (AC) proteins are highly regulated by complex signaling pathways. Multiple strategies of biochemical regulation are utilized including phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, membrane phosphoinositolphosphate binding, pH regulation, accessory proteins that can enhance the effects of AC on actin dynamics, and proteins that compete for actin binding, such as tropomyosins (TMs).
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Maloney, M.T., Kinley, A.W., Pak, C.W., Bamburg, J.R. (2008). ADF/Cofilin, Actin Dynamics, and Disease. In: dos Remedios, C.G., Chhabra, D. (eds) Actin-Binding Proteins and Disease. Protein Reviews, vol 8. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71749-4_6
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