Abstrat
In reflecting on the distinctive way in which historians have approached the study of social movements and collective action, we call attention to a number of issues that have been addressed in the literature on history as a discipline. A distinction that has often been made between the disciplines of history and the social sciences concerns the general and the particular. Historians are purportedly more concerned with context-dependent generalizations, offering findings that are relevant only to the particular context they are studying and overly cautious in making inadequately contextualized generalizations based on evidence from a particular time and place. However, historians cannot avoid the use of general concepts, such as revolution or social movement; hence they necessarily generalize. Such concepts select certain instances as “facts” and make their descriptions more meaningful by suggesting causal analogies to phenomena in other times and places that may also be labeled revolutions or social movements. Nevertheless, the types of generalizations and levels of generality with which historians are typically comfortable are those that apply to a relatively limited number of cases delimited in time and space, rather than the decontextualized general laws to which social scientists sometimes aspire. As a discipline, historians are organized along the lines of time and space, and most historians focus their research on a particular place during a delimited period of time. Philip Abrams (1982:194) contrasts the historians’ “rhetoric of close presentation (seeking to persuade in terms of a dense texture of detail)” with the sociologists’ “rhetoric of perspective (seeking to persuade in terms of the elegant patterning of connections seen from a distance).”
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
SUGGESTED READINGS
Cooper, Frederick. 1996 Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cronin, James E. 1984 Labour and Society in Britain, 1918–1979 New York: Schocken Books.
Duberman, Martin. 1994 Stonewall . New York: Plume.
Evans, Sara M. 1980 Personal Politics: The Roots of Women’s Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left . New York: Vintage Books.
Goodwyn, Lawrence. 1978 The Populist Movement: A Short History of Agrarian Revolt in America . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hanagan, Leslie Moch, and Wayne te Brake, eds. 1998 Challenging Authority. The Historical Study of Contentious Politics . Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Hobbsbawn, E. J. 1964 Primitive Rebels . Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Isaacman, Allen F. 1993 “Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa.” Pp. 205–317 in Confronting Historical Paradigms: Peasants, Labor, and the Capitalist World System in Africa and Latin America , edited by Frederick Cooper, Allen F. Isaacman, Steve J. Stern, Florencia E. Mallon, and William Roseberry. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Koenker, Diane and William G. Rosenberg. 1989 Strikes and Revolution in Russia, 1917 Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mallon, Florencia. 1983 The Defense of Community in Peru’s Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860–1940 Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Meier, August and Elliot Rudwick. 1973 CORE: A Study in the Civil Rights Movement, 1942–1968 New York: Oxford University Press.
Montgomery, David. 1987 The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925 Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Perrot, Michelle. 1987 Workers on Strike: France, 1871–1890 New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Perry, Elizabeth. 1993 Shanghai on Strike: The Politics of Chinese Labor . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Roseberg, C. G. and J. Nottingham. 1966 The Myth of Mau Mau: Nationalism in Kenya . Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University.
Rudé, George. 1964 The Crowd in History . New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Ryan, Mary P. 1992 Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825–1880 Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Sewell, William H. Jr. 1980 Work and Revolution: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stern, Steve J. 1993 Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640 Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Thompson, E. P. 1963 The Making of the English Working Class . New York: Pantheon Books.
REFERENCES
Abbott, Andrew. 1990. “Conceptions of Time and Events in Social Science Methods: Causal and Narrative Approaches.” Historical Methods 23:140–150.
Abrams, Philip. 1980. “History, Sociology, Historical Sociology.” Past and Present 87:3–16.
——. 1982.Historical Sociology. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Adams, Julia, Elisabeth S. Clemens, and Ann Shola Orloff, eds. 2005. Remaking Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
* Adelman, Jeremy. 1993.“State and Labour in Argentina: The Portworkers of Buenos Aires, 1910–21.” Journal of Latin American Studies 25(1):73–102.
Aminzade, Ronald. 1992. “Historical Sociology and Time.” Sociological Methods & Research 20(4):456–480.
Aminzade, Ron, Jack Goldstone, and Elizabeth Perry. 2001. “Leadership Dynamics and Dynamics of Contention.”Pp. 126–154 in Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics edited by Ronald R. Aminzade, Jack A. Goldstone, Doug McAdam, Elizabeth J. Perry, William H. Sewell, Jr., Sidney Tarrow, Charles Tilly.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
*Andrien, Kenneth J. 1990. “Economic Crisis, Taxes and the Quito Insurrection of 1765.” Past and Present 129:104–131.
*Awuah, Emmanuel. 1997. “Mobilizing for Change: A Case Study of Market Trader Activism in Ghana.”Canadian Journal of African Studies 31(3):401–423.
Bartley, Numan V. 1969. The Rise of Massive Resistance: Race and Politics in the South During the 1950 s. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
*Basu, Subho. 1998. “Strikes and ‘Communal’ Riots in Calcutta in the 1890 s: Industrial Workers, Bhadralok Nationalist Leadership and the Colonial State.” Modern Asian Studies 32(4):949–983.
Benford, Robert. 1997. “An Insider’s Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective.” Sociological Inquiry 67:409–430.
*Berlanstein, Leonard R. 1992. “The Distinctiveness of the Nineteenth-Century French Labor Movement.” The Journal of Modern History 64(4):660–685.
*Bernal, Martin. 1981. “The Nghe-Tinh Soviet Movement 1930–1931.” Past and Present 92:148–168.
*Bevir, Mark. 1999.“The Labour Church Movement, 1891–1902.” The Journal of British Studies 38(2):217–245.
Brauer, Carl M. 1977. John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction. New York: Columbia University Press.
*Bric, Maurice J. 1983.“Priests, Parsons and Politics: The Rightboy Protest in County Cork 1785–1788.”Past and Present 100:100–123.
Burk, Robert Fredrick. 1984. The Eisenhower Administration and Black Civil Rights. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
*Carr, Barry. 1996. “Mill Occupations and the Soviets: The Mobilisation of Sugar Workers in Cuba 1917–1933.”Journal of Latin American Studies 28(1):129–158.
Carson, Clayborne. 1981. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
*Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 1981. “Communal Riots and Labour: Bengal’s Jute Mill-Hands in the 1890 s.” Past and Present 91:140–169.
*Chatterjee, Partha. 1986. “The Colonial State and Peasant Resistance in Bengal 1920–1947.” Past and Present 110:169–204.
*Chen, Joseph T. 1970.“The May Fourth Movement Redefined.” Modern Asian Studies 4(1):63–81.
Clemens, Elisabeth S. and Martin D. Hughes. 2002. “Recovering Past Protest: Historical Research on Social Movements.” Pp. 201–230 in Social Movement Research, edited by Bert Klandermans and Suzanne Staggenborg. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Cone, James H. 1991.Martin and Malcolm and America: A Dream or Nightmare. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.
*Cooper, Frederick. 1996.“‘Our Strike’: Equality, Anticolonial Politics and the 1947–48 Railway Strike in French West Africa.” The Journal of African History 37(1):81–118.
*DuBois, Ellen Carol. 1987. “Working Women, Class Relations, and Suffrage Militance: Harriot Stanton Blatch and the New York Woman Suffrage Movement, 1984–1909. “ The Journal of American History 74 (1):34–58.
*Echeverri-Gent, Elisavinda. 1992. “Forgotten Workers: British West Indians and the Early Days of the Banana Industry in Costa Rica.” Journal of Latin American Studies 24(2):275–308.
*Edelman, Robert S. 1985. “Rural Proletarians and Peasant Disturbances: The Right Bank Ukraine in the Revolution of 1905.” The Journal of Modern History 57(2):248–277.
*Ellner, Steve. 1999. “Obstacles to the Consolidation of the Venezuelan Neighbourhood Movement: National and Local Cleavages.” Journal of Latin American Studies 31(1):75–97.
Erikson, Kai T. 1970. “Sociology and the Historical Perspective.” The American Sociologist 5(4):331–338.
*Escobar, Edward J. 1993 “The Dialectics of Repression: The Los Angeles Police Department and the Chicano Movement, 1968–1971.” The Journal of American History 79(4):1483–1514.
Evans, Richard J. 1980. “German Social Democracy and Women’s Suffrage 1891–1918.” Journal of Contemporary History 15(3):533–557.
Evans, Sara M. and Harry C. Boyte. 1986. Free Spaces: The Sources of Democratic Change in America. New York: Harper and Row.
Fairclough, Adam. 1987. To Redeem the Soul of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
*Fleischmann, Ellen L. 2000. “The Emergence of the Palestinian Women’s Movement, 1929–39.” Journal of Palestine Studies 29(3):16–32.
*Forman, Shepard. 1971. “Disunity and Discontent: A Study of Peasant Political Movements in Brazil.” Journal of Latin American Studies 3(1):3–24.
Freemon, Jo. 1973. “The Origins of the Women’s Liberation Movement.” American Journal of Sociology 78:792–811.
*Furedi, Frank. 1973. “The African Crowd in Nairobi: Popular Movements and Elite Politics.” The Journal of African History 14(2):275–290.
Garrow, David J. 1986. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: Quill.
*Garvin, Tom. 1982. “Defenders, Ribbonmen and Others: Underground Political Networks in Pre-Famine Ireland.”Past and Present 96:133–155.
*Goldberg, Robert A. 1983. “Racial Change on the Southern Periphery: The Case of San Antonio, Texas, 1960–65.”The Journal of Southern History 43(3):349–374.
Goodwin, Jeff and James M. Jasper, eds. 2004. Rethinking Social Movements: Structure, Meaning and Emotion.Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Grant, Joanne. 1998. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
*Green, James R. 1973. “The Brotherhood of Timber Workers 1910–1913: A Radical Response to Industrial Capitalism in the Southern U.S.A.” Past and Present 60:161–200.
Griffin, Larry J. 1993. “Narrative, Event-Structure Analysis, and Causal Interpretation in Historical Sociology.”American Journal of Sociology 98(5):1094–1133.
Hamilton, Gary G. and John Walton. 1988. “History in Sociology.” Pp. 181–199 in The Future of Sociology edited by Edgar F. Borgatta and Karen Cook. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
*Hanson, John H. 1994. “Islam, Migration and the Political Economy of Meaning: Fergo Nioro from the Senegal River Valley, 1862–1890.” The Journal of African History 35(1):37–60.
Hart, Janet. 1992. “Cracking the Code: Narrative and Political Mobilization in the Greek Resistance.” Social Science History 16(4):631–668.
Hexter, J. H. 1971. Doing History. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
Hobsbawm, E. J. 1969. Bandits. New York: Delacorte Press.
*Holton, Sandra Stanley. 1994. “‘To Educate Women in Rebellion’: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Creation of a Transatlantic Network of Radical Suffragists.” The American Historical Review 99(4):1112–1136.
Isaacman, Allen F. 1993. “Peasants and Rural Social Protest in Africa.” Pp. 205–317 in Confronting Historical Paradigms: Peasants, Labor, and the Capitalist World System in Africa and Latin America, edited by Frederick Cooper, Allen F. Isaacman, Steve J. Stern, Florencia E. Mallon, and William Roseberry. Madison, WI:University of Wisconsin Press.
Jenkins, Craig J. and Charles Perrow. 1977. “Insurgency of the Powerless: Farm Workers’ Movements (1946–1972).”American Sociological Review 42:249–268.
*Johnson, Cheryl. 1982. “Grass Roots Organizing: Women in Anticolonial Activity in Southwestern Nigeria.”African Studies Review 25(2/3):137–157.
Johnson, Christopher. 1975. “Economic Change and Artisan Discontent: The Tailors’ History, 1800–1848.” Pp. 87–114 In Revolution and Reaction: 1848 and the Second French Republic, edited by Roger Price. London: C. Helm.
Jonas, Gilbert and Julian Bond. 2004. Freedom’s Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle Against Racism in America 1909–1969. New York: Routledge.
Jones,Gareth Stedman. Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History, 1832–1982. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
*Kannangra, A. P. 1984.“The Riots of 1915 in Sri Lanka: A Study in the Roots of Communal Violence.” Past and Present 102:130–165.
*Keep, John. 1977. “The Agrarian Revolution of 1917–1918 in Soviet Historiography.” Russian Review 36(4):405–423.
Kertzer, David.1986. “Anthropology and History.” In “History and Anthropology: A Dialogue.” Historical Methods 19:119–120.
Kiser, Edgar. 1996. “The Revival of Narrative in Historical Sociology: What Rational Choice Theory Can Contribute.”Politics and Society 24(3): 249–271.
Klandermans, Bert. 1992. “The Social Construction of Protest and Multiorganizational Fields.” Pp. 77–103 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
Kluger, Richard. 1976. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. New York: Vintage Books.
*Korstad, Robert and Nelson Lichtenstein. 1988. “Opportunities Found and Lost: Labor, Radicals, and the Early Civil Rights Movement.” The Journal of American History 75(3):786–811.
*Krikler, Jeremy. 1999. “The Commandos: The Army of White Labour in South Africa.” Past and Present 63:202–244.
*Kulik, Gary. 1978. “Pawtucket Village and the Strike of 1824: The Origins of Class Conflict in Rhode Island.”Radical History Review 17:5–37.
Levine, David. 2001. At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000.Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
*Marks, Robert B.“The World Can Change!: Guangdong Peasants in Revolution.” Modern China 3(1):65–100.
*Mather, Charles. 1993. “The Anatomy of a Rural Strike: Power and Space in the Transvaal Lowveld.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 27(3):424–438.
*Mayhall, Laura E. Nym. 2000.“Defining Militancy: Radical Protest, the Constitutional Idiom, and Women’s Suffrage in Britain, 1908–1909.”The Journal of British Studies 39(3):340–371.
McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer Zald, eds. 1996. Comparative Politics on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
McAdam, Doug and William H. Sewell, Jr. 2001. “It’s About Time: Temporality in the Study of Social Movements and Revolutions.” Pp. 51–88 in Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics edited by Ronald R.Aminzade, Jack A. Goldstone, Doug McAdam, Elizabeth J. Perry, William H. Sewell, Jr., Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
McCoy, Donald and Richard T. Reutten. 973. Quest and Response: Minority Rights and the Truman Administration.Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
McDonald, Terrence J., ed. 1996. The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
McMillen, Neil R. 1971. The Citizens’ Council: Organized Resistance to the Second Reconstruction, 1954–64. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
*Meade, Teresa. 1989. “’Living Worse and Costing More’: Resistance and Riot in Rio de Janiero, 1890–1917.”Journal of Latin American Studies 21(2):241–266.
*Minchin, Timothy J. 1999. “Black Activism, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and the Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry.” The Journal of Southern History 65(4):809–844.
*Moises, Jose Alvaro and Verena Martinez-Alier. 1980. “Urban Transport and Popular Violence: The Case of Brazil.”Past and Present 86:174–192.
Monkkonen, Erik. 1994. Engaging the Past. The Uses of History Across the Social Sciences. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
*Monson, Jamie. 1998. “Relocating Maji Maji: The Politics of Alliance and Authority in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, 1870–1918.” The Journal of African History 39(1):95–120.
Morris, Aldon. 1981. “Black Southern Sit-in Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization.” American Sociological Review 46:744–767.
——. 2004. “Reflections on Social Movement Theory: Criticisms and Proposals.” Pp. 233–246 in Rethinking Social Movements: Structure, Meaning and Emotion, edited by Jeff Goodwin and James M. Jasper. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
*Nasson, Bill. 1992. “‘Messing with Coloured People’: The 1918 Strike in Cape Town, South Africa.” The Journal of African History 33(2):301–319.
*Neeson, J. M. 1984. “The Opponents of Enclosure in Eighteenth-Century Northamptonshire.” Past and Present 105:114–139.
Oates, Stephen B. 1982. Let the Trumpet Sound: The Life of Martin Luther King, Jr. New York: Harper & Row.
Oliver, Pamela E. and Hank Johnston. 2000. “What a Good Idea! Ideologies and Frames in Social Movement Research.” Mobilization 4:37–54.
*Osborne, Milton. 1978. “Peasant Politics in Cambodia: The 1916 Affair.” Modern Asian Studies 12(2):217–243.
*Perrie, Maureen. 1972. “The Russian Peasant Movement of 1905–1907: Its Social Composition and Revolutionary Significance.” Past and Present 57:123–155.
Pierson, Paul. 2003. “Big, Slow-Moving, and...Invisible.” Pp. 177–207 in Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
*Reis, Joao Jose. 1997. “ ‘The Revolution of the Ganhadores’: Urban Labour, Ethnicity and the African Strike of 1857 in Bahia, Brazil.” Journal of Latin American Studies 29(2):355–393.
*Rogers, Nicholas. 1978. “Popular Protest in Early Hanoverian London.” Past and Present 79:70–100.
Roy, William G. 1987. “Time, Place, and People in History and Sociology: Boundary Definitions and the Logic of Inquiry.” Social Science History 11(1):53–62.
Rude, George. 1964.The Crowd in History. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Ruggles, Steven. 1987. Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
*Sandage, Scott A. 1993. “A Marble House Divided: The Lincoln Memorial, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Memory, 19391963.” The Journal of American History 80(1):135–167.
Schurman, Rachel and William Munro. 2006. “Ideas, Thinkers, and Social Networks: The Process of Grievance Construction in the Anti-Genetic Engineering Movement.” Theory and Society 35(1):1–38.
Sewell, William H. Jr. 1996. “Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology.” Pp. 245–280 in The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, edited by Terrence J. McDonald.Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
*Smith, J. Harvey. 1978. “Agricultural Workers and the French Wine-Growers Revolt of 1907.” Past and Present 79:101–125.
Snow, David A. and Robert D. Benford. 1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” Pp. 133–155 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Snow, David A., E. Burke Rochford, Steven K. Worden, and Robert D. Benford. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review 51:464–481.
*Stevenson, Louise L. 1979. “Women Anti-Suffragists in the 1915 Massachusetts Campaign.” The New England Quarterly 52(1):80–93.
*Strom, Sharon Hartman. 1975. “Leadership and Tactics in the American Woman Suffrage Movement: A New Perspective from Massachusetts.” The Journal of American History 62(2):296–315.
Stryker, Robin. 1996. “Beyond History Versus Theory.” Sociological Methods & Research 24(3):304–352.
*Suguru, Yokoyama. 1975. “The Peasant Movement in Hunan.” Modern China 1(2):204–238.
*Tareke, Gebru. 1984. “Peasant Resistance in Ethiopia: The Case of Weyane.” The Journal of African History 25(1):77–92.
Tarrow, Sidney. 1994. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
*Taylor, Quintard. 1995. “The Civil Rights Movement in the American West: Black Protest in Seattle, 1960–1970.” The Journal of Negro History 80(1):1–14.
Thompson, E. P. 1963. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon Books.
——. 1976. “On History, Sociology and Historical Relevance.” British Journal of Sociology 27(3):287–402.
Thompson Klein, Julie. 1993. “Blurring, Cracking, and Crossing: Permeation and the Fracturing of Discipline.” Pp. 185–211 in Knowledge: Historical and Critical Studies in Disciplinarity, edited by Ellen Messer-Davidow,David R. Shumway, and David J. Sylvan. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
Tilly, Charles. 1970. “Clio and Minerva” in Theoretical Sociology, edited by John C. McKinney and Edward Tiryakian. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
——. 1984. Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparison. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
——. 1988. “How (and What) Are Historians Doing?” American Behavioral Scientist 33(6):685–711.
——. 1989. “History, Sociology and Dutch Collective Action.” Tijdschrift voor sociale geschiedenis 2:142–153.
——. 1995. “To Explain Political Processes.” American Journal of Sociology 100(6):1594–1610.
——. 2006. “How and Why History Matters” Pp. 417–437 in Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis,edited by Robert E. Goodin and Charles Tilly. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Trotsky, Leon. 1959 (1932). The History of the Russian Revolution. Edited by F. W. Dupre. New York: Doubleday.
*Tsurumi, Kazuko. 1970. “Some Comments on the Japanese Student Movement in the Sixties.” Journal of Contemporary History 5(1):104–112.
*Turton, E. R. 1972. “Somali Resistance to Colonial Rule and the Development of Somali Political Activity in Kenya, 1893–1960.” The Journal of African History 13(1):119–143.
*Vincent, Louise. 1999. “A Cake of Soap: The Volksmoeder Ideology and Afrikaner Women’s Campaign for the Vote.” The International Journal of African Historical Studies 32(1):1–17.
*Welch, Cliff. 1995. “Rivalry and Unification: Mobilising Rural Workers in Sao Paulo on the Eve of the Brazilian Golpe of 1964.” Journal of Latin American Studies 27(1):161–187.
*Whittaker, Cynthia H. 1976. “The Women’s Movement during the Reign of Alexander II: A Case Study in Russian Liberalism.” The Journal of Modern History 48(2):35–69.
Wilkinson, J. Harvie. 1979. From Brown to Bakke: The Supreme Court and School Integration: 1954–1978. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zald, Meyer. 1992. “Looking Backward to Look Forward: Reflections on the Past and Future of the Resource Mobilization Research Program.” Pp. 326–348 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
*Zieger, Robert H. 1976. “The Limits of Militancy: Organizing Paper Workers, 1933–1935.” The Journal of American History 63(3):638–657.
Zinn, Howard. 1964. SNCC: The New Abolitionists. Boston: Beacon Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Klandermans, B., Roggeband, C. (2010). Historians and the Study of Protest*. In: Klandermans, B., Roggeband, C. (eds) Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70960-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70960-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-76580-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-70960-4
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)