Abstract
Social psychology is interested in how social context influences individuals’ behavior. The prototypical social psychological question related to collective action is that of why some individuals participate in social movements while others do not, or for that matter, why some individuals decide to quit while others stay involved. The social psychological answer to these questions is given in terms of typical psychological processes such as identity, cognition, motivation, and emotion. People—social psychologists never tire of asserting—live in a perceived world. They respond to the world as they perceive and interpret it, and if we want to understand their cognitions, motivations, and emotions we need to know their perceptions and interpretations. Hence, social psychology focuses on subjective variables and takes the individual as its unit of analysis.
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SUGGESTED READINGS
We start the suggested readings section with a few preceding books on the social psychology of protest, starting with a classic followed by more contemporary books.
Toch, H. 1965 The Social Psychology of Social Movements . Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
Morris, A. D. and C. McClurg-Mueller. 1992 Frontiers in Social Movement Theory . Binghampton, NY: Vail-Ballou Press.
Klandermans, B. 1997 The Social Psychology of Protest . Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Identity appears to play a key role in social movement participation and the following books are excellent sources to get a grip on how social psychologists study and interpret the concept identity more in general and in the context of collective action.
Ellemers, N., R. Spears, and B. Doosje. 1999 Social Identity: Context, Commitment, and Content . Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Simon, B. 2004 Identity in Modern Society. A Social Psychological Perspective . Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Stryker, S., T. J. Owens, and R. W. White. 2000 Self, Identity, and Social Movements . Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
It is hard to conceive of social movement participation without feelings of injustice; the following reference give an outstanding review of the social−psychological literature on justice and social movements.
Tyler, T. R., and H. J. Smith. 1998 “Social Justice and Social Movements.” Pp. 595–629 in Handbook of Social Psychology , edited by D.Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, and G. Lindzey. New York: McGraw-Hill.
We argued that in collective action research emotions are a novice with a long history. We consider socially structured emotions a new and inviting field in relation to collective action, which is a social phenomenon by nature. Therefore we suggest two key readings in this field:
Mackie, D. M. and E. R. Smith. 2002 (eds) From Prejudice to Intergroup Emotions: Differentiated Reactions to Social Groups . Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
Tiedens, L. Z. and C. W. Leach. 2004 (eds) The Social life of Emotions . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Finally, we refer to two more general edited volumes in which chapters elaborate on the (social psychology) of social movement participation.
Sears, D., L. Huddy, and R. Jervis. 2003 Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology . New York: Oxford University Press.
Snow, D. A., S. A. Soule, and H. Kriesi. 2004 The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
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van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B. (2009). Individuals in Movements. In: Klandermans, B., Roggeband, C. (eds) Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70960-4_5
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