Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning ((CULS,volume 8))

While much is known about how teachers can promote discourse among students and how students, in turn, help each other, little is know about how teachers’ verbal behaviours affect students’ discourse and learning during cooperative learning. This chapter builds on research undertaken by Hertz-Lazarowitz and Shachar (1990) that identified the differences in teachers’ verbal behaviours during cooperative and whole-class instruction. Two studies undertaken by the author are presented. The first study examines the difference in teachers’ verbal behaviours during cooperative and small-group instruction while the second study discusses the additive benefits derived from training teachers to use specific communication skills to enhance students’ thinking and learning during cooperative learning. The chapter also discusses how students model many of the verbal behaviours their teachers use in their own discourse with their peers to promote thinking and learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Antil, L., Jenkins, J., Wayne, S., & Vadasy, P. (1998). Cooperative learning: Prevalence, conceptualizations, and the relation between research and practice. American Educational Research Journal, 35, 419–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baines, E., Blatchford, P., & Kutnick, P. (2003). Changes in grouping practices over primary and secondary school. International Journal of Educational Research, 39, 9–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blatchford, P., Kutnick, P., & Galton, M. (2003). Towards a social pedagogy of classroom group. International Journal of Educational Research, 39, 153–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, B., Engelhart, M., Furst, E., Hill, W., & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York: David Mckay.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A., & Palincsar, A. (1988). Guided, cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition. In L. Resnick (Ed.), Cognition and instruction: Issues and agendas. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E. (1994). Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. Review of Educational Research, 64, 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, E., Lotan, R., Abram, P., Scarloss, B., & Schultz, S. (2002). Can groups learn? Teachers College Record, 104, 1045–1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chinn, C., O’Donnell, A., & Jinks, T. (2000). The structure of discourse in collaborative learning. The Journal of Experimental Education, 69, 77–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egan, G. (2002). The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping (7th edn.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, L., Fuchs, D., Hamlett, C., Phillips, N., Karns, K., & Dutka, S. (1997). Enhancing students’ helping behavior with conceptual mathematical explanations. The Elementary School Journal, 97, 223–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galton, M., Hargreves, L., Comber, C., Wall, D., & Pell, T. (1999). Changes in patterns of teacher interaction in primary classrooms: 1976–1996. British Educational Research Journal, 25, 23–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. (2003a). Structuring cooperative group work in classrooms. International Journal of Educational Research, 39, 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. (2003b). The behaviours, interactions, and perceptions of junior high school students during small-group learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 137–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. (2004). The effects of communication training on teachers’ and students’ verbal behaviours during cooperative learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 257–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. (2006). Teachers’ and students’ verbal behaviours during cooperative and small-group learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 271–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R., & Ashman, A. (1996). Teaching collaborative skills to primary school children in classroom-based work groups. Learning and Instruction, 6, 187–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R., & Ashman, A. (1998). Behavior and interactions of children in cooperative groups in lower and middle elementary grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 746–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertz-Lazarowitz, R., & Shachar, H. (1990). Teachers’ verbal behaviour in cooperative and whole-class instruction. In S. Sharan (Ed.), Cooperative learning: Theory and research (pp. 77–94). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. (2003). Student motivation in cooperative groups: Social interdependence theory. In R. Gillies & A. Ashman (Eds.), Cooperative learning: The social and intellectual outcomes of learning in groups (pp. 136–176). London: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D., & Johnson, R. (1990). Cooperative learning and achievement. In S. Sharan (Ed.), Cooperative learning: Theory and research (pp. 23–37). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (1991). Improving lecture comprehension: Effects of a metacognitive strategy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 5, 331–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (1999). Discourse patterns for mediating peer learning. In A. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 87–115). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (2002). Structuring peer interaction to promote high-level cognitive processing. Theory into Practice, 41, 33–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, A. (1992). Resistance to cooperative learning: Making sense of its deletion and dilution. Journal of Education, 174, 38–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meloth, M., & Deering, P. (1999). The role of the teacher in promoting cognitive processing during collaborative learning. In A. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 235–255). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, N. (1996). The quality of talk in children’collaborative activity in the classroom. Learning and Instruction, 6, 359–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, N., Wegerif, R., & Dawes, L. (1999). Children’s talk and the development of reasoning in the classroom. British Educational Research Journal, 25, 95–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lou, Y., Abrami, P., Spence, J., Poulsen, C., Chambers, B., & d’Apollonia, S. (1996). Within-class grouping: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 423–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, A. (1999). Structuring dyadic interaction through scripted cooperation. In A. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 179–196). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palincsar, A. (1999). Designing collaborative contexts: lessons from three research programs. In A. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 151–177). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palinscar, A., & Herrenkohl, L. (2002). Designing collaborative contexts. Theory into Practice, 41, 26–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, H., Anderman, L., Ryan, A., Edelin, K., & Midgley, C. (2001). Teachers’ communication of goal orientation in four fifth-grade classrooms. The Elementary School Journal, 102, 35–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1950). The psychology of intelligence. London: Routledge & Kegan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rojas-Drummond, S., Perez, V., Velez, M., Gomez, L., & Mendoza, A. (2003). Talking for reasoning among Mexican primary school children. Learning and Instruction, 13, 653–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, S., Scarloss, B., Lotan, R., Abram, P., Cohen, E., & Holthuis, N. (2000). Let’s give ‘em somethin’ to talk about: Teachers talk to students in open-ended group tasks. Paper presented at AERA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shachar, H., & Sharan, S. (1994). Talking, relating, and achieving: Effects of cooperative learning and whole-class instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 12, 313–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharan, S., Shachar, H., Levine, T. (1999). The innovative school: Organization and instruction. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J., Midgley, C., Meyer, D., Gheen, M., Anderman, E., & Kang, Y. (2002). The classroom environment and students’ reports of avoidance strategies in mathematics: A multimethod study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 88–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J., & Patrick, H. (2004). Motivational influences on student participation in classroom learning activities. Teachers College record, 106, 1759–1785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, N., & Farivar, S. (1999). Developing productive group interaction in middle school mathematics. In A. O’Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning (pp. 117–150). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, N., & Mastergeorge, A. (2003). Promoting effective helping in peer-directed groups. International Journal of Educational Research, 39, 73–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegerif, R., Mercer, N., & Dawes, L. (1999). From social interaction to individual reasoning: An empirical investigation of a possible socio-cultural model of cognitive development. Learning and Instruction, 9, 493–516.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gillies, R.M. (2008). Teachers’ and Students’ Verbal Behaviours During Cooperative Learning. In: Gillies, R.M., Ashman, A.F., Terwel, J. (eds) The Teacher’s Role in Implementing Cooperative Learning in the Classroom. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol 8. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70892-8_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics