Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Reference
Akiyama, T., Magara, K., Matsumoto, Y., Meshitsuka, G., Ishizu, A., and Lundquist, K. (2000) Proof of the presence of racemic forms of arylglycerol-β-aryl ether structure in lignin: studies on the stereo structure of lignin by ozonation. J. Wood Sci. 46, 414–415.
Amor, Y., Haigler, C.H., Johnson, S., Wainscott, M., and Delmer, D.P.A (1995) Membraneassociated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 9353–9357.
Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (2000) Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408, 796–815.
Arioli, T., Peng, L., Betzner, A.S., Burn, J., Wittke, W., Herth, W., Camilleri, C., Höfte, H., Plazinski, J., Birch, R., Cork, A., Glover, J., Redmond, J., and Williamson, R.E. (1998) Molecular analysis of cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Science 279, 717–720.
Bacic, A., and Stone, B. A. (1980) A (1→ 3)- and (1→ 4)-linked β- cell walls of wheat. Carbohydr. Res. 82, 372–377.
Bao, W., O’Malley, D.M., Whetten, R., and Sederoff, R.R. (1993) A laccase associated with lignification in loblolly pine xylem. Science 260, 672-674.
Barber, C., Rösti, J., Rawat, A., Findlay, K., Roberts, K., and Seifert, G.J. (2006) Distinct properties of the five UDP-D-glucose/UDP- D-galactose 4-epimerase isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 17276–17285.
Baskin, T.I., Betzner, A.S., Hoggart, R., Cork, A., and Williamson, R.E. (1992) Root morphology mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 427.
Becnel, J., Natarajan, M., Kipp, A., and Braam, J. (2006) Developmental expression patterns of Arabidopsis XTH genes reported by transgenes and Genevestigator. Plant Mol. Biol. 61, 451–467.
Benfey, P.N., Linstead, P.J., Roberts, K., Schiefelbein, J.W., Hauser, M.T., and Aeschabacher, R.A. (1993) Root development in Arabidopsis: four mutants with dramatically altered root morphogenesis. Development 119, 57–70.
Bernal, A.J., Jensen, K.J., Harholt, J., Serensen, S., Moller, I., Blaukopf, C., Johansen, B., de Lotto, R., Pauly, M., Scheller, V.H., and Willats, W.G.T. (2007) Disruption of ATCSLD5 results in reduced growth, reduced xylan and homogalacturonan synthase activity and altered xylan occurrence in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 52, 791–802.
Bieniawska, Z., Barratt, D.H.P., Garlick, A.P., Thole, V., Kruger, N.J., Martin, C., Zrenner, R., and Smith, A.M. (2007) Analysis of the sucrose synthase gene family in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 49, 810–828.
Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., and Baucher, M. (2003) Lignin biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 54, 519–546.
Bonin, C.P., Potter, I., Vanzin, G.F., and Reiter, W.D. (1997) The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-D-mannose-4, 6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 2085–2090.
Bonin, C.P., and Reiter, W.D. (2000) A bifunctional epimerase-reductase acts downstream of the MUR1 gene product and completes the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-Fucose in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 21, 445–454.
Bonin, C. P.; Fresjpir. G.; Hahn, M. G.; Vanzin, G. F., and Reiter, W.-D. (2003) The GMD1 and GMD2 genes of Arabidopsis encode isoforms of GDP-D-Mannose 4, 6-dehydratase with cell type-specific expression patterns. Plant Physiol. 132, 883–892.
Bout, S., and Vermerris, W. (2003) A candidate gene-approach to clone the sorghum Brown midrib gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. Mol. Genet. Genomics 269, 205–214.
Brady, S.M., Song, S., Dhugga, K.S., Rafalski, J.A., and Benfey, P.N. (2007) Combining expression and comparative evolutionary analysis. The COBRA gene family. Plant Physiol. 143, 172–187.
Brown, D.M., Zeef, A.H., Ellis, J., Goodacre, R., and Turner, S.R. (2005) Identification of novel genes in Arabidopsis involved in secondary cell wall formation using expression profiling and reverse genetics. Plant Cell 17, 2281–2295.
Brown, Jr. R.M. (2004) Cellulose structure and biosynthesis: what is in store for the 21st century? J. Polym. Sci. 42, 487–495.
Brown, Jr., R.M., and Montezinos, D. (1976) Cellulose microfibrils: visualization of biosynthetic and orienting complexes in association with the plasma membrane. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 143–147.
Bunzel, M., and Ralph, J. (2006) NMR characterization of lignins isolated from fruit and vegetable insoluble dietary fiber. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 8352–8361.
Bunzel, M., Ralph, J., Lu, F., Hatfield, R.D., and Steinhart, H. (2004) Lignins and ferulateconiferyl alcohol cross-coupling products in cereal grains. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 6496–6502.
Burget, E.G., Verma, R., Mølhøj, M., and Reiter, W.-D. (2003) The biosynthesis of LArabinose in plants: molecular cloning and characterization of a Golgi-localized UDP-Dxylose 4-epimerase encoded by the MUR4 gene of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 15, 523–531.
Burn, J.E., Hocart, C.H., Birch, R.J., Cork, A.C., and Williamson, R.E. (2002) Functional analysis of the cellulose synthase genes CesA1, CesA2, and CesA3 in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 129, 797–807.
Burton, R.A., Wilson, S.M., Hrmova, M., Harvey, A.J., Shirley, N.J., Medhurst, A., Stone, B.A., Newbigin, E.J., Bacic, A., and Fincher, G.B. (2006) Cellulose synthase–like CslF genes mediate the synthesis of cell wall (1,3;1,4)-ß-D-glucans. Science 311, 1940–1942.
Campbell, J.A., Davies, G.J., Bulone, V., and Henrissat, B. (1997) Biochem. J. 326, 929–939.
Caparrós-Ruiz, D., Fornalé, S., Civardi, L., Puigdoménech, P., and Rigau, J. (2006) Isolation and characterisation of a family of laccases in maize. Plant Sci. 171, 217–225.
Carnachan, S.M., and Harris, P.J. (2000) Ferulic acid is bound to the primary cell walls of all gymnosperm families. Biochem. System. Ecol. 28, 865–879.
Carpita, N. (1996) Structure and biogenesis of the cell walls of grasses. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 445–476.
Carpita, N.C., and Gibeaut, D.M. (1993) Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth. Plant J. 3, 1–30.
Carpita, N.C., and McCann M.C. (2000) The cell wall. In: B.B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem and R.L. Jones (Eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. J. Wiley and Sons, Somerset, NJ, pp. 52–108.
Carpita, N., Tierney, M., and Campbell, M. (2001) Molecular biology of plant cell wall: searching for the genes that define structure, architecture and dynamics. Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 1–5.
Carpita, N., and Vergara, C. (1998) A recipe for cellulose. Science 279, 672–673.
Carpita, N.C., and Whittern, D. (1986) A highly substituted glucuronoarabinoxylan from developing maize coleoptiles. Carbohydr. Res. 146, 129–140.
Cassab, G.I. (1998) Plant cell wall proteins. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 281–309.
Cavalier, D.M., and Keegstra, K. (2006) Two xyloglucan xylosyltransferases catalyze the addition of multiple xylosyl residues to cellohexaose. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 34197–34207.
Ching, A., Dhugga, K.S., Appenzeller, L., Meeley, R., Bourett, T.M., Howard, R.J., and Rafalski, A. (2006) Brittle stalk 2 encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored protein that affects mechanical strength of maize tissues by altering the composition and structure of secondary cell walls. Planta 224, 1174–1184.
Chu, Z., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zheng, N., Yin, B., Yan, H., Zhu, L., Zhao, X., Yuan, M., Zhang, X., and Xie, Q. (2007) Knockout of the AtCESA2 gene affects microtubule orientation and causes abnormal cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 143, 213–224.
Cocuron, J.C., Lerouxel, O., Drakakai, G., Alonso, A.P., Liepman, A.H., Keegstra, K., Raikhel, N., and Wilkerson, C.G. (2007) A gene from the cellulose synthase-like C family encodes a ß-1, 4 glucan synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 8550–8555.
Coleman, H.D., Ellis, D.D., Gilbert, M., and Mansfield, S.D. (2006) Up-regulation of sucrose synthase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase impacts plant growth and metabolism. Plant Biotechnol. J. 4, 87–101.
Cosgrove, D.J. (2001) Enhancement of accessibility of cellulose by expansins, US Patent 6326470.
Cosgrove, D.J., Bedinger, P., and Durachko, D.M. (1997) Group 1 allergens of grass pollen as cell wall-loosening agents. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 6559–6564.
Cosgrove, D.J., and Li, Z.C. (1993) Role of expansin in cell enlargement of oat coleoptiles. Plant Physiol. 103, 1321–1328.
Cosgrove, D.J., Li, L.C., Cho, H.T., Hoffmann-Benning, S., Moore, R.C., and Blecker, D. (2002) The growing world of expansins. Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 1436–14444.
Coutinho, P.M., Deleury, E., Davies, G.J., and Henrissat, B. (2003a) An evolving hierarchical family classification of glycosyltransferases. J. Mol. Biol. 328, 307–317.
Coutinho, P.M. and Henrissat, B. (1999) Carbohydrate-active enzymes: an integrated database approach. In: H.J. Gilbert, G. Davies, B. Henrissat and B. Svensson (Eds.), Recent Advances in Carbohydrate Bioengineering. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge, UK, pp. 3–12.
Coutinho, P.M., Stam, M., Blanc, E., and Henrissat, B. (2003b) Why are there so many carbohydrate- active enzyme-related genes in plants? Trends Plant Sci. 8, 563–565.
Cutler, S., and Somerville, C. (1997) Cellulose synthesis: cloning in silico. Curr. Biol. 7, R108–R111.
Dahlgren, G. (1989) An updated angiosperm classification. Bot. J Linn. Soc. 100, 197–204.
Darley, C.P., Forrester, A.M., McQueen-Mason, S.J. (2001) The molecular basis of plant cell wall extension. Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 179–195.
Davin, L.B., and Lewis, N.G. (2000) Dirigent proteins and dirigent sites explain the mystery of specificity of radical precursor coupling in lignan and lignin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 123, 453–461.
Davin, L.B., and Lewis, N.G. (2005a) Lignin primary structures and dirigent sites. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 1–9.
Davin, L.B., and Lewis, N.G. (2005b) Dirigent phenoxy radical coupling: advances and challenges. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16, 1–9.
de Obeso, M., Caparro-Ruiz, D., Vignols, F., Puigdomenech, P., and J. Rigau (2003) Characterisation of maize peroxidases having differential patterns of mRNA accumulation in relation to lignifying tissues. Gene 309, 23–33.
de Silva, J., Jarman, C.D., Arrowsmith, D.A., Stronach, M.S., Chengappa, S., Sidebottom, C., and Reid, J.S.G. (1993) Molecular characterization of xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-4)-ß-Dglucanase (xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase) from nasturtium seeds. Plant J. 3, 701–711.
Delmer, D.P. (1999) Cellulose biosynthesis: Exciting times for a difficult field of study. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 245–276.
Denton, F.R. (1998) Beetle juice. Science 281, 1285.
Desprez, T., Juraniec, M., Crowell, E., Jouy, H., Pochylova, Z., Parcy, F., Höfte, H., Gonneau, M., Vernhettes, S. (2007) Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 15572–15577.
Desprez, T., Vernhettes, S., Fagard, M., Refregier, G., Desnos, T., Aletti, E., Py, N., Pelletier, S., and Höfte, H. (2002) Resistance against herbicide isoxaben and cellulose deficiency caused by distinct mutations in same cellulose synthase isoform CESA6. Plant Physiol. 128, 482–490.
Dhugga, K.S. (2005) Plant Golgi cell wall synthesis: from genes to enzyme activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 1815–1816.
Dhugga, K.S., Barreiro, R., Whitten, B., Stecca, K., Hazebroek, J., Randhawa, G.S., Dolan, M., Kinney, A.J., Tomes, D., Nichols, S., and Anderson, P. (2004) Guar seed ß-mannan synthase is a member of the cellulose synthase super gene family. Science 303, 363–366.
Diet, A., Link, B., Seifert, G.J., Schellenberg, B., Wagner, U., Pauly, M., Reiter, W.-D., and Ringli, C. (2006) The Arabidopsis root hair cell wall formation mutant lrx1 is suppressed by mutations in the RHM1 gene encoding a UDP-L-rhammnose synthase. Plant Cell 18, 1630–1641.
Ding, S.-Y. and Himmel, M.E. (2006) The maize primary cell wall microfibril: a new model derived from direct visualization. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 597–606.
Doblin, S., Kurek, I., Jacob-Wilk, D. and D. P. Delmer (2002) Cellulose biosynthesis in plants: from genes to rosettes. Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 1407–1420.
Ebringerová, A., and Heinze, T. (2000) Xylan and xylan derivatives – biopolymers with valuable properties. 1. Naturally occurring xylans structures, isolation procedures and properties. Macromolec. Rapid Comm. 21, 542–556.
Fagard, M., Desnos, T., Desprez, T., Goubet, F., Refregier, G., Mouille, G., McCann, M., Rayon, C., Vernhettes, S., and Hofte, H. (2000) PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12, 2409–2424.
Faik, A., Price, N.J., Raikhel, N.V., and Keegstra, K. (2002) An Arabidopsis gene encoding an α-xylosyltransferase involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 7797–7802.
Fanutti, C., Gidley, M.J., and Reid, J.S.G.(1993) Action of a pure xyloglucanendotransglycosylase (formerly called xyloglucan-specificendo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase) from the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium seeds. Plant J. 3, 691– 700.
Farkas, V., Sulova, Z., Stratilova, E., Hanna, R., and Maclachlan, G. (1992) Cleavage of xyloglucan by nasturtium seeed xyloglucanase and transglycosylation to xyloglucan subunit oligosaccharides. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 298, 365–370.
Favery, B., Ryan, E., Foreman, J., Linstead, P., Boudonck, K., Steer, M., Shaw, P., and Dolan, L. (2001) KOJAK encodes a cellulose synthase-like protein required for root hair cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. Genes Dev. 15, 79–89.
Fernie, A.R., Willmitzer, L., and Trethewey, R.N. (2002) Sucrose to starch: a transition in molecular. Plant Physiol. Trends Plant Sci. 7, 35–41.
Franke, R., Hemm, M.R., Denault, J.W., Ruegger, M.O., Humphreys, J.M., and Chapple, C. (2002a) Changes in the secondary metabolism and deposition of an unusual lignin in the REF8 mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant J. 30, 47–59.
Franke, R., Humphreys, J.M., Hemm, M.R., Denault, J.W., Ruegger, M.O., Cusumano, J.C., and Chapple, C. (2002b) The Arabidopsis REF8 gene encodes the 3-hydroxylase of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant J. 30, 33–45.
Freshour, G., Bonin, C.P., Reiter, W.D., Albersheim, P., Darvill, A.G., and Hahn, M.G. (2003) Distribution of fucose-containing xyloglucans in cell walls of the mur1 mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 131, 1602–1612.
Freudenberg, K. (1965) Lignin: its constitution and formation from p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. Science 148, 595–600.
Fry, S.C. (2004) Primary cell wall metabolism: tracking the careers of wall polymers in living plant cells. New Phytol. 161, 641–675.
Gallagher, S.R., (1992) GUS Protocols: Using the GUS Gene as a Reporter of Gene Expression. Academic Press, San Diego.
Gang, D.R., Costa, M.A., Fujita, M., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T., Wang, H.-B., Burlat, V., Martin, W., Sarkanen, S., Davin, L.B., and Lewis, N.G. (1999) Regiochemical control of mono lignol radical coupling: a new paradigm for lignin and lignan biosynthesis. Chem. Biol. 6, 143–151.
Girke, T., Lauricha, J., Tran, H., Keegstra, K., and Raikhel, N. (2004) The cell wall navigator database. A systems-based approach to organism-unrestricted mining of protein families involved in cell wall metabolism. Plant Physiol. 136, 3003–3008.
Goffner, D., Campbell, M.M., Campargue, C., Clastre, M., Borderies, G., Boudet, A., and Boudet, A.M. (1994) Purification and characterization of cinnamoyI-CoA: NADP oxidoreductase in Eucalyptus gunnii. Plant Physiol. 106, 625–632.
Goujon, T., Sibout, R., Eudes, A., MacKay, J., and Jouanin, L. (2003a) Genes involved in the biosynthesis of lignin precursors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 41, 677–687.
Goujon, T., Sibout, R., Pollet, B., Maba, B., Nussaume, L., Bechtold, N., Lu, F., Ralph, J., Mila, I., Barrière, Y., Lapierre, C., and Jouanin, L. (2003b) A new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in the expression of O-methyltransferase impacts lignins and sinapoyl esters. Plant Mol. Biol. 51, 973–989.
Grabber, J.H., Ralph, J., Hatfield, R.D., Quideau, S., Kuster, T., and Pell, A.N. (1996) Dehydrogenation polymer – cell wall complexes as a model for lignified grass walls. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44, 1453–1459.
Guan, S.-Y., Mlynár, J., and Sarkanen, S. (1997) Dehydrogenative polymerization of coniferyl alcohol on macromolecular lignin templates. Phytochem. Anal. 45, 911–918.
Guillaumie, S., San-Clemente, H., Deswarte, C., Martinez, Y., Lapierre, C., Murigneux, A., Barrière, Y., Pichon, M., and Goffner, D. (2007) MAIZEWALL. Database and developmental gene expression profiling of cell wall biosynthesis and assembly in maize. Plant Physiol. 143, 339–363.
Guillet-Claude, C., Birolleau-Touchard, C., Manicacci, D., Rogowsky, P.M., Rigau, J., Murigneux, A., Martinant, J.P., and Barrière, Y. (2004) Nucleotide diversity of the ZmPox3 maize peroxidase gene: relationships between a MITE insertion in exon 2 and variation in forage maize digestibility. BMC Genet. 5, 1–11.
Ha, M.A., Apperley, D.C., Evans, B.W., Huxham, M., Jardine, W.G., Vietor, R.J., Reis, D., Vian, B., and Jarvis, M.C. (1998) Fine structure in cellulose microfibrils: NMR evidence from onion and quince. Plant J. 16, 183–190.
Halpin, C., Knight, M.E., Foxon, G.A., Campbell, M.M., Boudet, A.M., Boon, J.J., Chabbert, B., Tollier, M.-T., Schuch, W. (1994) Manipulation of lignin quality by downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Plant J. 6, 339–350.
Harkin, J.M., and Obst, J.R. (1973) Lignification in trees: indication of exclusive peroxidase participation. Science 180, 296–298.
Harper, A., and Bar-Peled, M. (2002) Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose. Cloning and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis gene family, UXS, encoding soluble and putative membranebound UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase isoforms. Plant Physiol. 130, 2188–2198.
Hatfield, R. D., Ralph, J., and Grabber, J. H. (1998) Cell wall cross-linking by ferulates and diferulates in grasses. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79, 403–407.
Hatfield, R., and Vermerris, W. (2001) Lignin formation in plants: the dilemma of linkage specificity. Plant Physiol. 126, 1351–1357.
Hazen, S.P., Scott-Craig, J.S., and Walton, J.D. (2002) Cellulose synthase-like genes of rice. Plant Physiol. 128, 336–340.
Herrmann, K.M., and Weaver, L.M. (1999) The shikimate pathway. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 473–503.
Higuchi, T. (1985) Biosynthesis of lignin. In: T. Higuchi (Ed.), Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components. Orlando, Academic Press, pp. 141–160.
Himmel, M.E., Ding, S.Y., Johnson, D.K., Adney, W.S., Nimlos, M.R., Brady, J.W., and Foust, T.D. (2007) Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science 315, 804–807.
Hoffmann, L., Maury, S., Martz, F., Geoffroy, P., and Legrand, M. (2003) Purification, cloning, and properties of an acyltransferase controlling shikimate and quinate ester intermediates in phenylpropanoid metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 95–103.
Holland, N., Holland, D., Helentjaris, T., Dhugga, K.S., Xoconostle-Cazares, B., Delmer, D.P. (2000) A comparative analysis of the plant cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family. J. Plant Physiol. 123, 1313–1323.
Humphreys, J.M., and Chapple, C. (2002) Rewriting the lignin road map. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5, 224–229.
Humphreys, J.M., Hemm, M.R., and Chapple, C. (1999) New routes for lignin biosythesis defined by biochemical characterization of recombinant ferulate 5-hydroxylase, a multifunctional cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 10045–10050.
Iiyama, K. and Wallis, A. F. A. (1990) Determination of lignin in herbaceous plants by an improved acetyl bromide procedure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. J. Sci. Food Agric. 51, 145-161
Iiyama, K.; Lam, T. B., and Stone, B. A. (1994) Covalent cross-links in the cell wall. Plant Physiol. 104, 315–320.
Izydorczyk, M.S., and Biliaderis, C.G. (1995) Cereal arabinoxylans: advances in structure and physiochemical properties. Carbohydr. Polym. 28, 33–48.
Jacobs, A., and Dahlman, O. (2001) Characterization of the molar masses of hemicelluloses from wood and pulps employing size exclusion chromatography and matrix-sssisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomacromolecules. 2, 894–905.
Joseleau, J.-P. and Ruel, K. (1997) Study of lignification by noninvasive techniques in growing maize internodes. Plant Physiol. 114, 1123–1133.
Karhunen, P., Rummakko, P., Sipilä, J., and Brunow, G. (1995) The formation of dibenzodioxocin structures by oxidative coupling. A model reaction for lignin biosynthesis. Tetrahedron Lett. 36, 4501–4504.
Kärkönen, A., and Fry, S.C. (2006) Novel characteristics of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activities in maize: non-involvement of alcohol dehydrogenases in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. Planta 223, 858–870.
Kärkönen, A., Murigneux, A., Martinant, J.P., Pepey, E., Tatout, C., Dudley, B.J., and Fry, S.C. (2005) UDP-glucose dehydrogenases of maize: a role in cell wall pentose biosynthesis. Biochem. 391, 409–415.
Kim, C.M., Park, S.H., Il, J.B., Park, S.H., Piao, H.L., Eun, M.Y., Dolan, L., and Han, C.D. (2007) OsCSLD1, a cellulose synthase-like D1 gene, is required for root hair morphogenesis in rice. Plant Physiol. 143, 1220–1230.
Kim, H., Ralph, J., Lu, F., Ralph, S.A., Boudet, A.M., MacKay, J.J., Sederoff, R.R., Ito, T., Kawai, S., Ohashi, H., and Higuchi, T. (2003) NMR analysis of lignins in CAD-deficient plants. Part 1. Incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehydes and hydroxybenzaldehydes into lignins. Org. Biomol. Chem. 1, 268–281.
Kobayashi, M., Nakagawa, H., Suda, I., Miyagawa, I. and Matoh, T. (2002) Purification and cDNA cloning of UDP- -xylose sythase) from pea seedlings. Plant cell Physiol. 43, 1259–1265.
Koyama, M., Helbert, W., Imai, T., Sugiyama, J., Henrissat, B. (1997) Parallel-up structure evidences the molecular directionality during biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 9091–9095.
Kühnl, T., Koch, U., Heller, W., and Wellmann, E. (1989) Elicitor induced S-adenosyl-Lmethionine: caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase from carrot cell suspension. Plant Sci. 60, 21–25.
Kurek, I., Kawagoe, Y., Jacob-Wilk, D., Doblin, M., Delmer, D. (2002) Dimerization of cotton fiber cellulose synthase catalytic sub-units occurs via oxidation of the zinc-binding domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 11109–11114.
Lacombe, E., Hawkins, S., Van Doorsselaere, J., Piquemal, J., Goffner, D., Poeydomenge, O., Boudet, A.-M., and Grima-Pettenati, J. (1997) Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the first committed enzyme of the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships. Plant J. 11, 429–441.
Landucci, L.L., Deka, G.C., and Roy, D.N. (1992) A 13C NMR study of milled wood lignins from hybrid Salix clones. Holzforsch. 46, 505–511.
Langan, P., Sukumar, N., Nishiyama, Y., and Chanzy, H. (2005) Synchrotron X-ray structures of cellulose Iß and regenerated cellulose II at ambient temperature and 100 K. Cellulose 12, 551–562.
Lee, S., Sharma, Y., Lee, T.K., Chang, M., and Davis, K.R. (2001) Lignification induced by Pseudomonas harboring avirulent genes on Arabidopis. Mol. Cells 12, 25–31.
Leplé, J.-C., Dauwe, R., Morreel, K., Storme, V., Lapierre, C., Pollet, B., Naumann, A., Kang, K.-Y., Kim, H., Ruel, K., Lefebvre, A., Joseleau, J.-P., Grima-Pettenati, J., De Rycke, R., Andersson-Gunneras, S., Erban, A., Fehrie, I., Petit-Conil, M., Kopka, J., Polle, A., Messens, E., Sundberg, B., Mansfield, S.D., Ralph, J., Pilate, G., and Boerjan, W. (2007). Down regulation of cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase in poplar: Multiple-level phenotyping reveals effects on cell wall polymer metabolism and structure. Plant Cell 19, 3669–3691.
Li, L., Cheng, X.F., Leshkevich, J., Umezawa, T., Harding, S.A., and Chiang, V.L. (2001) The last step of syringyl monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms is regulated by a novel gene encoding sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Plant Cell 13, 1567–1585.
Li, Y., Kajita, S., Kawai, S., Katayama, Y., and Morohoshi, N. (2003a) Down-regulation of an anionic peroxidase in transgenic aspen and its effect on lignin characteristics. J. Plant Res. 116, 175–182.
Li, Y., Qian, Q., Zhou, Y., Yan, M., Sun, L., Zhang, M., Fu, Z., Wang, Y., Han, B., Pang, X., Chen, M., and Li, J. (2003b) BRITTLE CULM1, which encodes a Cobra-like protein, affects the mechanical properties of rice plants. Plant Cell 15, 2020–2031.
Liepman, A.H., Nairn, C.J., Willats, W.G.T., Sorensen, I., Roberts, A.W., and Keegstra, K. (2007) Functional genomic analysis supports conservation of function among cellulose synthase-likeA gene family members and suggests diverse roles of mannans in plants. Plant Physiol. 143, 1881–1893.
Liepman, A.H., Wilkerson, C.G., and Keegstra, K. (2005) Expression of cellulose synthaselike (Csl) genes in insect cells reveals that CslA family members encode mannan synthases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 102, 2221–2226.
Lim, E.K., Li, Y., Parr, A., Jackson, R., Ashford, D.A., and Bowles, D.J. (2001) Identification of glucosyltransferase genes involved in sinapate metabolism and lignin synthesis in Arabidopsis. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4344–4349.
Lu, F., and Ralph, J. (1999) Detection and determination of p-coumaroylated units in lignin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 1988–1992.
Lynch, D., Lidgett, A., McInnes, R., Huxley, H., Jones, E., Mahoney, N., and Spangenberg, G. (2002) Isolation and characterisation of three cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase homologue cDNAs from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), J. Plant Physiol. 159.
MacKay, J.J., Liu, W., Whetten, R., Sederoff, R.R., and O’Malley, D.M. (1995) Genetic analysis of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in loblolly pine: single gene inheritance, molecular characterization and evolution. Mol. Gen. Genet. 247, 537–545.
MacKay, J.J., O’Malley, D.M., Presnell, T., Booker, F., Campbell, M.M., Whetten, R.W., and Sederoff, R.R. (1997) Inheritance, gene expression, and lignin characterization in a mutant pine deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 8255–8260.
Madson, M., Dunand, C., Li, X., Verma, R., Vanzin, G.F., Caplan, J., Shoue, D.A., Carpita, N.C., and Reiter, W.D. (2003) The MUR3 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that is evolutionarily related to animal exostosins. Plant Cell 15, 1662–1670.
Maeda, Y.; Awano, T.; Takabe, K., and Fujita, M. (2000) Immunolocalization of glucomannans in the cell wall of differentiating tracheids in Chamaecyparis obtusa. Protoplasma B213, 148–156.
Marita, J., Vermerris, W., Ralph, J., and Hatfield, R.D. (2003) Variations in the cell wall composition of maize brown midrib mutants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 5, 1313–1321.
McDougall, G.J., Stewart, D., and Morrison, I.M. (1996) Tyrosine residues enhance crosslinking of synthetic proteins into lignin dehydrogenation products. Phytochem. Anal. 41, 43–47.
Mølhøj, M., Verma, R., and Reiter, W.D. (2003) The biosynthesis of the branched-chain sugar D-apiose in plants: functional cloning and characterization of a UDP-D -apiose/UDP-Dxylose synthase from Arabidopsis. Plant J. 35, 693–703.
Mølhøj, M., Verma, R., and Reiter, W.-D. (2004) The biosynthesis of D-galacturonate in plants. Functional cloning and characterization of a membrane-anchored UDP-Dglucuronate 4-epimerase from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 135, 1221–1230.
Morreel, K., Ralph, J., Kim, H., Lu, F., Goeminne, G., Ralph, S., Messens, E., and Boerjan, W. (2004a) Profiling of oligolignols reveals monolignol coupling conditions in lignifying popular xylem. Plant Physiol. 136, 3537–3549.
Morreel, K., Ralph, J., Lu, F., Goeminne, G., Busson, R., Herdewijn, P., Goeman, J.L., Van der Eycken, J., Boerjan, W., and Messens, E. (2004b) Phenolic profiling of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase-deficient poplar reveals novel benzodioxane oligolignols. Plant Physiol. 136, 4023–4036.
Mueller, S.C., and Brown, Jr., R.M. (1980) Evidence for an intramembrane component associated with a cellulose microfibril synthesizing complex in higher plants. J. Cell Biol. 84, 315–326.
Myton, K.E., and Fry, S.C. (1994) Intraprotoplasmic feruoylation of arabinoxylans in Festuca arundinacea cell cultures. Planta 193, 326–330.
Nair, R.B., Bastress, K.L., Ruegger, M.O., Denault, J.W., and Chapple, C. (2004) The Arabidopsis thaliana REDUCED EPIDERMAL FLUORESCENCE1 gene encodes an aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in ferulic acid and sinapic acid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 16, 544–554.
Nishitani, K., and Tominaga, R. (1992) Endo-xyloglucan transferase, a novel class of glycosyltransferase that catalyzes transfer of a segment of xyloglucan molecule to another xyloglucan molecule. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21058–21064.
Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., and Chanzy, H. (2002) Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iß from synchrotron x-ray and neutron fiber diffraction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 9074–9082.
Nishiyama, Y., Sugiyama, J., Chanzy, H., and Langan, P. (2002) Crystal structure and hydrogen bonding system in cellulose Iβ, from synchrotron X-ray and neutron fiber diffraction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 9074–9082.
Nishiyama, Y., Langan, P., and Chanzy, H. (2003) Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding system in cellulose Iα from synchrotron X-rayand neutron fiber diffraction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 14300–14306.
Nelson, T., Tausta, S.L., Gandotra, N., and Liu, T. (2006) Laser microdissection of plant tissue: What you se is what you get. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 57, 181–201.
Nobles, D.R., and Brown, Jr., M.R. (2004) The pivotal role of cyanobacteria in the evolution of cellulose synthases and cellulose synthase-like proteins. Cellulose 11, 437–448.
Oka, T., Nemoto, T., and Jigami, Y. (2007) Functional analysis of Aradibopsis thaliana RHM2/MUM4, a multidomain protein involved in UDP-D-glucose to UDP-L-rhamnose conversion. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 5389–5403.
Okazawa, K., Sato, Y., Nakagawa, T., Asada, K., Kato, I., Tomita, E., and Nishitani, K. (1993) Molecular cloning and cDNA sequencing of endoxyloglucan transferase, a novel class of glycosltransferase that mediates molecular grafting between matrix polysaccharides in plant cell walls. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 25364–25368.
Osakabe, K., Tsao, C.C., Li, L., Popko, J.L., Umezawa, T., Carraway, D.T., Smeltzer, R.H., Joshi, C.P., and Chiang, V.L. (1999) Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 8955–8960.
Pattathil, S., Harper, A.D., and Bar-Peled, M. (2005) Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose: characterization of membrane-bound ATUXS2. Planta 221, 538–548.
Pear, J.R., Kawagoe, Y., Schreckengost, W.E., Delmer, D.P., and Stalker, D.M. (1996) Higher plants contain homologs of the bacterial celA genes encoding the catalytic subunit oif cellulose synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 12637–12642.
Peña, M.J., Zhong, R., Zhou, G.-K., Richardson, E.A., O’Neill, M.A., Darvill, A.G., York, W.S., and Ye, Z.-H. (2007) Arabidopsis irregular xylem8 and irregular xylem9: implications for the complexity of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. Plant Cell 19, 549–563.
Perrin, R.M. (2001) Cellulose: how many cellulose synthases to make a plant? Curr. Biol. 11, R213–R216.
Perrin, R.M., DeRocher, A.E., Bar-Peled, M., Zeng, W., Norambuena, L., Orellana, A., Raikhel, N.V., and Keegstra, K. (1999) Xyloglucan fucosytransferase, an enzyme involved in plant cell wall biosynthesis. Science 284, 1976–1979.
Persson, S., Paredez, A., Carroll, A., Palsdottir, H., Doblin, M., Poindexter, P., Khitrov, N., Auer, M., and Somerville, C.R. (2007) Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 15599–15571.
Philippe, S., Saulnier, L., and Guillon, F. (2006) Arabinoxylan and (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-ß-Dglucan deposition in cell walls during wheat endosperm development. Planta 224, 449–461.
Pillonel, C., Mulder, M.M., Boon, J.J., Forster, B., and Binder, A. (1991) Involvement of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in the control of lignin formation in Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. Planta 185, 538–544.
Raes, J., Rohde, A., Christensen, J.H., Van de Peer, Y., and Boerjan, W. (2003) Genome-wide characterization of the lignification toolbox in Arabidopsis. Plant Pysiol. 133, 1051–1071.
Ralph, J. (1996) An unusual lignin from Kenaf. J. Nat. Prod. 59, 341–342.
Ralph, J., Bunzel, M., Marita, J.M., Hatfield, R.D., Lu, F., Kim, H., Schatz, P.F., Grabber, J.H., and Steinhart, H. (2004a) Peroxidase-dependent cross-linking reactions of phydroxycinnamates in plant cell walls. Phytochemistry Rev. 3, 79–96.
Ralph, J., Hatfield, R.D., Piquemal, J., Yahiaoui, N., Pean, M., Lapierre, C., and Boudet, A.M. (1998) NMR characterization of altered lignins extracted from tobacco plants downregulated for lignification enzymes cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and cinnamyl-CoA reductase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 12803–12808.
Ralph, J., Kim, H., Lu, F., Grabber, J.H., Leplé, J.-C., Berrio-Sierra, J., Mir Derikvand, M., Jouanin, L., Boerjan, W., and Lapierre, C. (2008) Identification of the structure and origin of a thioacidolysis marker compound for ferulic acid incorporation into angiosperm lignins (and an indicator for cinnamoyl CoA reductase deficiency). Plant J. 53, 368–379.
Ralph, J., Lapierre, C., Marita, J.M., Kim, H., Lu, F., Hatfield, R.D., Ralph, S., Chapple, C., Franke, R., Hemm, M.R., Van Doorsselaere, J., Sederoff, R.R., O’Malley, D.M., Scott, J.T., Mackay, J.J., Yahiaoui, N., Boudet, A.M., Pean, M., Pilate, G., Jouanin, L., and Boerjan, W. (2001) Elucidation of new structures in lignins of CAD- and COMT-deficient plants by NMR. Phytochem. Anal. 57, 993–1003.
Ralph, J., Lundquist, K., Brunow, G., Lu, F., Kim, H., Schatz, P.F., Marita, J.M., Hatfield, R.D., Ralph, S.A., Christensen, J.H., and Boerjan, W. (2004b) Lignins: natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Phytochemistry 3, 29–60.
Ralph, J., Peng, J., Lu, F., Hatfield, R.D., and Helm, R.F. (1999) Are lignins optically active? 47, 2991–2996.
Ralph, J., Quideau, S., Grabber, J.H., and Hatfield, R.D. (1994) Identification and synthesis of new ferulic acid dehydromers present in grass cell walls. J. Chem. Soc.. Perkin Trans. 1,23, 3485–3498.
Ranocha, P., Chabannes, M., Chamayou, S., Danoun, S., Jauneau, A., Boudet, A.M., and Goffner, D. (2002) Laccase down-regulation causes alterations in phenolic metabolism and cell wall structure in poplar. Plant Physiol. 129, 145–155.
Reiter, W.-D., Chapple, C., and Sommerville, C.R. (1997) Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered cell wall polysaccharide composition. Plant J. 12, 335–345.
Reiter, W.-D., Chapple, C.C.S., and Somerville, C.R. (1993) Altered growth and cell walls in a fucose-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis. Science 261, 1032–1035.
Reiter, W.-D. and Vanzin, G.F. (2001) Molecular genetics of nucleotide sugar interconversion pathways in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 95–113.
Richmond, T. (2000) Higher plant cellulose synthases. Genome Biol. 1,reviews 3001.1– 3001.6.
Richmond, T.A., and Somerville, C.R. (2000) The cellulose synthase superfamily. J. Plant Physiol. 124, 495–498.
Robertson, D., Smith, C. and Bolwell, G. P. (1996) Inducible UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) locates to vascular tissue and has alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Biochem. J. 313, 311–317.
Robinson, S., Warburton, K., Seymour, M., Clench, M., Thomas-Oates, J. (2007) Localization of water-soluble carbohydrates in wheat stems using imaging matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. New Phytol. 173, 438–444.
Roesler, J., Krekel, F., Amrhein, N., and Schmid, J. (1997) Maize phenylalanine ammonialyase has tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity. Plant Physiol. 113, 175–179.
Rose, J.K., Braam, J., Fry, S.C., and Nishitani, K. (2002) The XTH family of enzymes involved in xyloglucan endotransglucosylation and endohydrolysis: Current perspectives and a new unifying nomenclature. Plant Cell Physiol. 43, 1421–1435.
Roudier, F., Fernandez, A.G., Fujita, M., Himmelspach, R., Borner, G.H.H., Schindelman, G., Song, S., Baskin, T.I., Dupree, P., and Wasteneys, G.O. (2005) COBRA, an Arabidopsis extracellular glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositolanchored protein, specifically controls highly anisotropic expansion through its involvement in cellulose microfibril orientation. Plant Cell 17, 1749–1763.
Roudier, F., Schindelman, G., DeSalle, R., and Benfey, P.N. (2002) The COBRA family of putative GPI-anchored proteins in Arabidopsis. A new fellowship in expansion. Plant Physiol. 130, 538–548.
Ruan, Y.-L., Llewellyn, D.J., and Furbank, R.T. (2003) Suppression of sucrose synthase gene expression represses cotton fiber cell initiation, elongation, and seed development. Plant Cell 15, 952–964.
Salnikov, V.V., Grimson, M.J., Delmer, D.P., and Haigler, C.H. (2001) Sucrose synthase localizes to cellulose synthesis sites in tracheary elements. Phytochem. 57, 823–833.
Sarria, R., Wagner, T.A., O’Neill, M.A., Faik, A., Wilkerson, C.G., Keegstra, K., and Raikhel, N.V. (2001) Characterization of a family of Arabidopsis genes related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferase1. Plant Physiol. 127, 1595–1606.
Saxena, I.M., and Brown, Jr., R.M. (1995) Identification of a second cellulose synthase gene (acsAII) in Acetobacter xylinum. J. Bacteriol. 177, 1419.
Saxena, I.M., Brown, Jr. M.R., Fevre, M., Geremia, R.O., and Henrissat, B. (1995) Multidomain architecture of β-glycosyl transferases: Implications for mechanism of action. J. Bacteriol. 177, 1419–1424.
Saxena, I.M., Lin, F.C. and Brown, Jr., R.M. (1990) Cloning and sequencing of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit gene of Acetobacter xylinum. Plant. Mol. Biol. 15, 673–683.
Saxena, I.M., and Brown, Jr., R. M. (2005) Cellulose biosynthesis: Current views and evolving concepts. Ann. Bot. 96, 9–21.
Scheible, W.-R., Eshed, R., Richmond, T., Delmer, D., and Somerville, C. (2001) Modifications of cellulose synthase confer resistance to isoxaben and thiazolidinone herbicides in Arabidopsis ixr1 mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 10079–10084.
Scheller, H.V., Jensen, J.K., Sorensen, S.O., Harholt, J., and Geshi, N. (2007) Biosynthesis of pectin. Physiol. Plant. 129, 283–295.
Schiefelbein, J.W., and Somerville, C.R. (1990) Genetic control of root hair development in Arabidopis thaliana. Plant Cell 2, 699–710.
Schoch, G., Goepfert, S., Morant, M., Hehn, A., Meyer, D., Ullmann, P., and Werck- Reichhart, D. (2001) CYP98A3 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a 3’-hydroxylase of phenolic esters, a missing link in the phenylpropanoid pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 36566–36574.
Schubert, R., Sperisen, C., Müller-Starck, G., La Scala, S., Ernst, D., Sandermann, Jr., H., and Häger, K.-P. (1998) The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene structure in Picea abies (L.) Karst.: genomic sequences, Southern hybridization, genetic analysis and phylogenetic relationships. Trees 12, 453–463.
Seifert, G.J. (2004) Nucleotide sugar interconversions and cell wall biosyntthesis: how to bring the inside to the outside. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7, 277–284.
Seifert, G.J., Barber, C., Wells, B., Dolan, L., and Roberts, K. (2002) Galactose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: genetic evidence for substrate channeling from UDP-D-galactose into cell wall polymers. Curr. Biol. 12, 1840–1845.
Sewalt, V.J.H., Ni, W., Blount, J.W., Jung, H.G., Masoud, S.A., Howes, P.A., Lamb, C., and Dixon, R.A. (1997) Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco down-regulated in expression of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or cinnamate 4- hydroxylase. Plant Physiol. 115, 41–50.
Sibout, R., Eudes, A., Pollet, B., Goujon, T., Mila, I., Granier, F., Seguin, A., Lapierre, C., and Joouanin, L. (2003) Expression pattern of two paralogs encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis. Isolation and characterization of the corresponding mutants. Plant Physiol. 132, 848–860.
Sindhu, A., Langewisch, T., Olek, A., Multani, D.S., McCann, M.C., Vermerris, W., Carpita, N.C., and Johal, G. (2007) Maize Brittle stalk2 encodes a COBRA-like protein expressed in early organ development but required for tissue flexibility at maturity. Plant Physiol. 145, 1444–1459.
Smith R.C., and Fry S.C. (1991) Endotransglycosylation of xyloglucans in plantcellsuspension cultures. Biochem. J. 279, 529–535.
Somerville, C., Bauer, S., Brininstool, G., Facette, M., Hamann, T., Milne, J., Osborne, E., Parezdez, A., Persson, S., Raab, T., Vorwerk, S., and Youngs, H. (2004) Towards a systems approach to understanding plant cell walls. Science 306, 2206–2211.
Somerville, C. R. (2006) Cellulose synthesis in higher plants. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 53–78.
Sterjiades, R., Dean, J.F.D., Gamble, G., Himmelsbach, D.S., and Eriksson, K.-E.L. (1993) Extracellular laccase and peroxidases from sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) cell suspension cultures. Reactions with monolignols and lignin model compounds. Planta 190, 75–87.
Šturcová, A., His, I., Apperley, D.C., Sugiyama, J., Jarvis, M.C. (2004) Structural details of crystalline cellulose from higher plants. Biomacromolecules 5, 1333–1339.
Suzuki, K., Kitamura, S., Kato, Y., and Itoh, T., (2000) Highly substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans (hsGAXs) and low-branched xylans show a distinct localization pattern in the tissues of Zea may L. Plant Cell Physiol. 41, 948–959.
Syrjanen, K., and Brunow, G. (2000) Regioselectivity in lignin biosynthesis: the influence of dimerization and crosscoupling. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin. Trans. I 1, 183–187.
Tanaka, K., Murata, K., Yamazaki, M., Onosato, K., Miyao, A., and Hirochika, H. 2003. Three distinct rice cellulose synthase catalytic sub-unit genes required for cellulose synthesis in the secondary wall. Plant Physiol. 133: 73–83.
Taylor, N. G., Scheible, W. R., Cutler, S., Somerville, C. R., and S. R. Turner, (1999) The irregular xylem3 locus of Arabidopsis encodes a cellulose synthase required for secondary cell wall synthesis. Plant Cell 11, 769–779.
Taylor, N.G., Howells, R.M., Huttly, A.K., Vickers, K., and Turner, S.R. (2003) Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 1450–1455.
Taylor, N.G., Laurie, S., and Turner, S.R. (2000) Multiple cellulose synthase catalytic subunits are required for cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 12, 2529–2539.
Terashima, N., Atalla, R.H., Ralph, S.A., Landucci, L.L., Lapierre, C., and Monties, B. (1996) New preparations of lignin polymer models under conditions that approximate cell well lignification: I. Synthesis of novel lignin polymer models and their structural characterization by 13C NMR. Holzforsch. 49, 521–527.
Terashima, N., Fukushima, K., He, L.-F., and Takabe, K. (1993) Comprehensive model of the lignified plant cell wall. In: H.G. Jung, D.R. Buxton, R.D. Hatfield, and J. Ralph (Eds.), Forage cell wall structure and digestibility. Madison, WI, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, pp. 247–270.
Timell, T.E. (1967) Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses. Wood Sci. Technol. 1, 45–70.
Tobias, C.M., and Chow, E.K. (2005) Structure of the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in rice and promoter activity of a member associated with lignification. Planta 220, 678–688.
Toole, G.A., Wilson, R.H., Parker, M.L., Wellner, N.K., Wheeler, T.R., Shewry, P.R., and Mills, E.N.C. (2007) The effect of environment on endosperm cell-wall development in Triticum aestivum during grain filling: an infrared spectroscopic imaging study. Planta 225, 1393–1403.
Usadel, B., Kuschinsky, A.M., Rosso, M.G., Eckermann, N., and Pauly, M. (2004) RHM2 Is involved in mucilage pectin synthesis and is required for the development of the seed coat in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 134, 286–295.
Vanzin, G.F., Madson, M., Carpita, N.C., Raikhel, N.V., Keegstra, K., and Reiter, W.D. (2002) The mur2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks fucosylated xyloglucan because of a lesion in fucosyltransferase AtFUT1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 3340–3345.
Vermerris, W., and Nicholson, R. (2006) Phenolic Compound Biochemistry. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 276 pp.
Vermerris, W., Thompson, K.J., and McIntyre, L.M. (2002) The maize Brown midrib1 locus affects cell wall composition and plant development in a dose-dependent manner. Heredity 88, 450–457.
Vietor, R.J., Newman, R.H., Ha, M.A., Apperley, D.C., and Jarvis, M.C. (2002) Conformational features of crystal-surface cellulose from higher plants. Plant J. 30, 721–731.
Vignols, F., Rigau, J., Torres, M.A., Capellades, M., and Puigdomenech, P. (1995) The brown-midrib3 (bm3) mutation in maize occurs in the gene encoding caffeic acid Omethyl transferase. Plant Cell 7, 407–416.
Wang, X., Cnops, G., Vanderhaeghen, R., De Block, S., Van Montagu, M., and Van Lijsebettens, M. (2001) AtCSLD3, a cellulose synthase-like gene important for root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126, 575–586.
Wegenmayer, H., Ebel, J., and Grisebach, H., (1976) Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors: purification and properties of a cinnamoyl-CoA: NADPH reductase from cell suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L.), Eur. J. Biochem. 65, 529–536.
Wolucka, B.A., Persiau, G., Van Doorsselaere, J., Davey, M.W., Demol, H., Vandekerckhove, J., Van Montagu, M., Zabeau, M., and Boerjan, W. (2001) Partial purification and identification of GDP-mannose 3, 5-epimerase of Arabidopsis thaliana, a key enzyme of the plant vitamin C pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 14843–14848.
Wu, Y., Sharp, R.E., Durachko, D.M., and Cosgrove, D.J. (1996) Growth maintenance of the maize primary root at low water potentials involves increases in cell-wall extension properties, expansin activity, and wall susceptibility to expansins. Plant Physiol. 111, 765–772.
Ye, Z.-H., Kneusel, R.E., Matern, U., and Varner, J.E. (1994) An alternative methylation pathway in lignin biosynthesis in Zinnia. Plant Cell 6, 1427–1439.
Yennawar, N.H., Li, L.C., Dudzinski, D.M., Tabuchi, A., and Cosgrove, D.J. (2006) Crystal structure and activities of EXPB1 (Zea m 1), a ß-expansin and group-1 pollen allergen from maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 14664–14671.
Yong, W., Link, B., O’Malley, R., Tewari, J., Hunter, C.T., Lu, C.A., Li, X., Bleecker, A.B., Koch, K.E., McCann, M.C., McCarty, D.R., Staiger, C., Thomas, S.R., Vermerris, W., and Carpita, N.C. (2005) Genomics of plant cell wall biogenesis. Planta 221, 747–751.
Zablackis, E., Huang, J., Muller, B., Darvill, A.G., and Albersheim, P. (1995) Characterization of the cell-wall polysaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Plant Physiol. 107, 1129–1138.
Zhong, R., Peña, M.J., Zhou, G.-K., Nairn, C.J., Wood-Jones, A., Richardson, E.A., Morrison, III W.H., Darvill, A.G., York, W.S., and Ye, Z.-H. (2005) Arabidopsis fragile fiber8, which encodes a putative glucuronyltransferase, is essential for normal secondary wall synthesis. Plant Cell 17, 3390–3408.
Zugenmaier, P. (2001) Conformation and packing of various crystalline cellulose fibers. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1341–1417.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vermerris, W. (2008). Composition and Biosynthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass. In: Vermerris, W. (eds) Genetic Improvement of Bioenergy Crops. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70805-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70805-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-70804-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-70805-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)