Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Brain Metastases pp 199–213Cite as

Chemotherapy for Brain Metastases due to Lung Cancer and Melanoma

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 136))

Abstract

Several issues are pertinent to a discussion of chemotherapy for brain metastases (BM) [Table 1]. First and most important, there is a paucity of clinical trials with very few randomized trials [1–6]. The limited evidence supporting the use of chemotherapy for BM comes from nonrandomized, retrospective studies and case reports. Second, survival is often limited by death from systemic disease (approximately 30% of patients with BM die as a direct result of central nervous system disease). Patients with BM are heterogeneous and the importance of stratification for prognostic factors for example by way of the Radiation Treatment Oncology Group recursive portioning analysis (RTOG RPA) is often overlooked [7].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Buckner JC. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. Cancer Metastis Rev 1991; 10: 335–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Peereboom DM. Chemotherapy in Brain Metastases. Supplement to Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 54–65.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lesser GJ. Chemotherapy of Cerebral Metastases from Solid Tumors. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 1996; 7: 527–536.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mehta MP, Khuntia, D. Current Strategies in Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases. Supplement to Neurosurgery 2005; 57: 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Greig NH. Chemotherapy of Brain Metastases: Current Status. Cancer Treatment Reviews 1984; 11: 157–186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Langer CJ, Mehta MP. Current management of Brain Metastases, With a Focus on Systemic Options. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005; 23: 6207–6219.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gaspar L, Scott C, Rotman M, Asbell S, Phillips T, Wasserman T, McKenna WG, Byhardt R: Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 37:745–751.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kortmann RD, Jeremic B, Weller M, Plasswilm L, Bamberg M. Radiochemotherapy of malignant glioma in adults: Clinical experiences. Strahlenther Onkol 2003; 179:219–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Abrey LE, Olson JD, Raizer JJ, Mack M, Rodavitch A, Boutros DY, Malkin MG: A phase II trial of temozolomide for patients with recurrent or progressive brain metastases. J Neuro-Oncology 2001; 53:259–265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Agarwala SS, Kirkwood JM, Gore M, Dreno B, Thatcher N, Czarnetski B, Atkins M, Buzaid A, Skarlos D, Rankin EM. Temozolomide for the Treatment of Brain Metastases Associated with Metastatic Melanoma: A Phase II Study. Journal of Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 2101–2107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Christodoulou C, Bafaloukos D, Kosmidis P, Samantas E, Bamias A, Papakostas P, Karabelis A, Bacoyiannis C, Skarlos DV: Phase II study of temozolomide in heavily pretreated cancer patients with brain metastases. Ann Oncol 2001; 12:249–254.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dziadziuszko R, Ardizzoni A, Postmus PE, Smit EF, Price A, Debruyne C, Legrand C, Giaccone G. Temozolomide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with and without brain metastases: A phase II study of the EORTC Lung Cancer Group (08965). Eur J Cancer 2003; 39: 1271–1276.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Friedman HS, Evans B, Reardon D, Quinn J, Rich J, Gururangan S, Stafford-Fox V, Chen C, Pati A, Schmidt W: Phase II trial of temozolomide for patients with progressive brain metastases. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22: 102 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Giannitto-Giorgio C, Cordio S, Di Blasi C. Temozolomide shows promising activity against pretreated brain recurrences of NSCLC. Preliminary results of a phase II trial (abstr). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002; 21 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Siena S, Landonio G, Baietta E, Vitali M, Crinó L, Danova M, Musolino A, Gardin G, Foa P, Fincato G. Multicenter phase II study of temozolomide therapy for brain metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22:102 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jacquillat C, Khayat D, Banzet P, Weil M, Fumoleau P, Avril MF, Namer M, Bonneterre J, Kerbrat P, Bonerandi JJ, Bugat R, Monteuquet P, Cupissol D, Lauvin R, Vilmer C, Prache C, Bizzari JP. Final Report of the French Multicenter Phase II Study of the Nitrosourea Fotemustine in 153 Evaluable Patients with Disseminated Malignant Melanoma including Patients with Cerebral Metastases. Cancer 1990; 66: 1873–1878.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cappuzzo F, Ardizzoni A, Soto-Parra H, Gridelli C, Maione P, Tiseo M, Calandri C, Bartolini S, Santoro A, Crino L. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeted Therapy by ZD 1839 (Iressa) in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2003; 41: 227–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ceresoli GL, Cappuzzo F, Gregorc V, Bartolini S, Crinò L, Villa E. Gefitinib in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: a Prospective Trial. Annals of Oncology 2004; 15: 1042–1047.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hotta K, Kiura K, Ueoka H, Tabata M, Fujiwara K, Kozuki T, Okada T, Hisamoto A, Tanimoto M. Effect of Gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839) on Brain Metastases in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2004; 46: 255–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Namba Y, Kijima T, Yokota S, Niinaka M, Kawamura S, Iwasaki T, Yoshito T, Kimur s in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 2004a H, Okada T, Yamaguchi T, Nakagawa M, Okumura Y, Maeda H, Ito M. Gefitinib in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Review of 15 Clinical Cases. Clinical Lung Cancer 2004; 6: 123–128.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Shimato S, Mitsudomi T, Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Wakabayashi T, Mizuno M, Nakahara N, Hatano H, Natsume A, Ishii D, Yoshida J. EGFR Mutations in Patients with Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer: Association with the Efficacy of Gefitinib. Neuro-Oncology 2006; 8: 137–144.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Malacarne P, Santini A, Maestri A. Response of Brain metastases from lung cancer to systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide. Oncology 1996; 53:210–213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Robinet G, Thomas P, Breton JL, Lena H, Gouva S, Dabouis G, Bennouna J, Souquet PJ, Balmes P, Thiberville L, Fournel P, Quoix E, Riou R, Rebattu P, Perol M, Paillotin D, Mornex F: Results of a phase III study of early versus delayed whole brain radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and vinorelbine combination in inoperable brain metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer: Groupe Francais de Pneumo-Cancerologie (GFPC) Protocol 95–1. Ann Oncol 2001; 12:59–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaba SE, Kyritsis AP, Hess K, Yung WK, Mercier R, Dakhill S, Jaeckle KA, Levin VA: TPDC-FuHu chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent metastatic brain tumors. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:1063–1070.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Seute T, Leffers P, Wilmink JT, ten Velde Guul PM, Twijnstra A. Response of Asymptomatic Brain Metastases from Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Systemic First-Line Chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006; 24 2079—2083.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Twelves CJ, Souhami RL, Harper PG, et al: The response of cerebral metastases in small cell lung cancer to systemic chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 1990; 61:147–150.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lee JS, Murphy WK, Glisson BS, et al: Primary chemotherapy of brain metastasis in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 7:916–922, 1989.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kristensen CA, Kristjansen PEG, Hansen HH. Systemic Chemotherapy of Brain Metastases from Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1992; 10, 1498–1502.27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. 29. Minotti V, Crino L, Meacci ML, Corgna E, Darwish S, Palladino MA, Betti M, Tonato M. Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Teniposide for Cerebral Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Lung Cancer 1998; 20: 93–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Richards JM, Gale D, Mehta N, Lestingi T. Combination of Chemotherapy with Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1999; 17, 651–660.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bafaloukos D, Gogas H, Georgoulias V, Briassoulis E, Fountzilas G, Samantas E, Kalofonos CH, Temozolomide in Combination with Docetaxel in Patients with Advance Melanoma: A Phase II Study of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2002; 20: 420–425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Strauss SJ, Marples M, Napier MP, Meyer T, Boxall J, Rustin GJ: A phase I (tumour site-specific) study of carboplatin and temozolomide in patients with advanced melanoma. B J Cancer 2003; 89: 1901–1905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hwu W, Lis E, Menell JH, Panageas KS, Lamb LA, Merrell J, Williams LJ, Krown SE, Chapman PB, Livingston PO, Wolchok JD, Houghton AN. Temozolomide plus Thalidomide in Patients with Brain Metastases from Melanoma. Cancer 2005; 103:2590–2597.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fujita A, Fukuoka S, Takabatake H, Tagaki S, Sekine K: Combination chemotherapy of cispllatin, ifosfamide, and irinotecan with rhG-CSF support in patients with brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. Oncology 2000; 59:291–295.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Franciosi V, Cocconi G, Michiara M, Di Costanzo F, Fosser V, Tonato M, Carlini P, Boni C, Di Sarra S. Front-Line Chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Etoposide for Patients with Brain Metastases from Breast Carcinoma, Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma, or Malignant Melanoma. American Cancer Society 1999; 85, 1599–1605.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bernardo G, Cuzzoni Q, Strada MR, Bernardo A, Brunetti G, Jedrychowska I, Pozzi, U, Palumbo R. First-Line Chemotherapy with Vinorelbine, Gemcitabine, and Carboplatin in the Treatment of Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Study. Cancer Investigation 2002; 20, 293–302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Cortes J, Rodriguez J, Aramendia JM, Salgado E, Gurpide A, Garcia-Foncillas J, Aristu JJ, Claver A, Bosch A, Lopez-Picazo JM, Martin-Algarra S, Brugarolas A, Calvo E. Front-Line Paclitaxel/Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Oncology 2003; 64:28–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Postmus PE, Haaxmo-Reiche H, Smit EF, Groen HJM, Karnicka H, Lewinski T, Meerbeeck JV, Clerico M, Gregor A, Curran D, Sahmoud T, Kirkpatrick A, Gioccone G. Treatment of Brain Metastases of Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Comparing Teniposide and Teniposide with Whole-Brain Radiotherapy-A Phase III Study of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3400–3408.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. 39. Antonadou D, Paraskevaidis M, Sarris G, Coliarakis N, Economou I, Karageorgis P, Throuvalas N. Phase II Randomized Trial of Temozolomide and Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Metastases. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 3644–3650.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. 40.Verger E, Gil M, Yaya R, Vinolas N, Villa S, Pujol T, Quinto L, BSc, Graus F. Temozolomide and Concomitant Whole Brain Radiotherapy in Patients with Brain Metastases: A Phase II Randomized Trial. Internat J Radiat Oncol Bio Phy 2005; 61:185–191.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Margolin K, Atkins B, Thompson A, Ernstoff S, Weber J, Flaherty L, Clark I, Weiss G, Sosman J, Smith W, Dutcher P, Gollob J, Longmate J, Johnson D. Temozolomide and whole brain irradiation in melanoma metastatic to the brain: A phase II trial of the Cytokine Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2002; 128:214–218.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hofman M, Kiecker F, Wurm R, Schlenger L, Budach V, Sterry W, T Uwe. Temozolomide with or without radiotherapy in melanoma with unresectable brain metastases. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2006; 76(1); 59–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ulrich J, Gademann G, Gollnick H. Management of Cerebral Metastases from Malignant Melanoma: Results of a Combined, Simultaneous Treatment with Fotemustine and Irradiation. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 1999; 43: 173–178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ewend MG, Hobbs KB. Treatment of recurrent CNS metastases using BCNU-polymer wafers. Presented at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Orlando, Florida, May 1–6, 2004 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Golden GA, Meldorf M, PROLONG Study Group. Patients with metastatic brain cancer, undergoing resection and Gliadel implantation experienced low local recurrence rates in the PROLONG Registry. Presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Neuro-Oncology Toronto, ON, Canada, November 18–21, 2004 (abstr).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Brem S, Sampath R, Staller A, Panattil, Entis S, Chamberlain M. Local control of brain metastases after craniotomy, radiation therapy and implantable chemotherapeutic wafers. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. San Francisco, CA April 22–26, 2006. J Neurosurg 104(4):A698, 2006. (abstr)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Newton HB, Slivka MA, Volpi C, et al. Intra-arterial carboplatin and intravenous etoposide for treatment of metastatic brain tumors. J Neuro-Oncology 2003; 61: 35–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Schadendorf D, Hauschild A, Ugurel S, Thoelke A, Egberts F, Kreissig M, Linse R, Trefzer U, Vogt T, Tilgen W, Mohr P, garbe C. Dose-intensified biweekly Temozolomide in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases from malignant melanoma: a phase 2 DeCOG/ADO study. Ann Oncol 2006; 17 (10): 1592–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Boogerd W, de Gast GC, Dalesio O. Temozolomide in advanced malignant melanoma with small brain metastases: can we withhold cranial irradiation? Cancer 2007; 109: 306–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Wong E, Berkenblit A. The role of topotecan in the treatment of brain metastases. 2004. CME. TheOncologist.com.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lorusso V, Galetta D, Giotta F, Rinaldi A, Romito S, Brunetti C, Silverstris N, Colucci G. Topotecan in the treatment of brain metastases:a phase 2 study of GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico dell’Italia Meridionale). Anticancer Res 2006; 26 (3B): 2259–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Oberoff C, Kieback DG, Wurstlein R, et al. Topotecan chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and brain metastses: results of a pilot study. Onkologie 2001; 24: 256–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. ManegoldC, Pawel JV, Scheithauer W, et al. Response of SCLC brain metastases to toptotecan therapy. Ann Oncol 1996; 7 (suppl 50): 106–7.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ardizzoni A, Hansen H, Dombernowsky P, et al. Topotecan, a new active drug in the second-line treatment of small cell lung cancer: a phase 2 study in patients with refractory and sensitive disease. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 2090–2096.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Depierre A, von Pawel J, Hans K, et al. Evaluation of topotecan (Hycamtin) in relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC).: a multicenter phase 2 study. Lung cancer 1997; 18 (suppl 1): 35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Schutte W, Manegold C, von Pawel JV. Topotecan in the therapy of brain metastses in lung cancer. Onkologie 1998; 21 (suppl 4): 25–27.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Korfel A, Oehm C, von Pawel JV, et al. Response to topotecan of symptomatic brain metastses of small cell lung cancer after whole brain radiotherapy: a multicenter phase 2 study. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38: 1724–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Eckardt JR, Martin KA, Schmidt AM, et al. A phase 1 trial of intravenous topotecan in combination with oral Temozolomide daily times 5 every 28 days. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002: 21: 83b (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Omuro AM, raizer JJ, Demopoulos A, Malkin M, Abrey LE. Vinorelbine combined with a protracted course of temozolomide for recurrent brain metastases: a phase 1 trial. J Neurooncol 2006; 78 (3): 277–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Christodoulou C, Bafaloukos D, Linardou H, Aravantinos G, Bamias A, Carina M, Klouvas G, Skarlos D. Temozolomide combined with cisplatin in patients with brain metastses from solid tumors: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group phase 2 study. J Neurooncol 2005; 71 (1): 61–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Moscetti L, Nelli F, Felici A, Rinaldi M, DeSantis S, D’Auria G, Mansueto G, Tonini G, Sperduti I, Pollera FC. Up-front chemotherapy and radiation treatment in newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer with brain metastases: survey by Outcome Research Network for Evaluation of Treatment Results in Oncology. Cancer 2006; 109 (2): 274–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA, 98109-1023, USA

    Marc C Chamberlain MD

Authors
  1. Marc C Chamberlain MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Jeffrey J. Raizer MD

  2. Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Lauren E. Abrey MD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chamberlain, M.C. (2007). Chemotherapy for Brain Metastases due to Lung Cancer and Melanoma. In: Raizer, J.J., Abrey, L.E. (eds) Brain Metastases. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 136. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69222-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69222-7_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-69221-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-69222-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation