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Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery pp 293Cite as

Introduction to Botox

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Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A (Botox®) interferes with acetylcholine release from nerve terminals causing temporary paralysis of the injected muscles. The pioneering work of Scott1 over 25 years ago was for strabismus. In 1989 it was approved for blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, torticollis, and strabismus. Since then it has been approved for cosmetic treatment of the glabellar furrows and axillary hyperhydrosis. Botox has become the number one cosmetic procedure and is widely used to treat rhytids of the glabella, forehead, eyelids; nasal; cervical; and perioral areas. Offlabel oculofacial uses include: hyperkinetic wrinkles of the face; hyperlacrimation; eyelid retraction; spastic entropion; blepharoptosis; migraine/stress headaches; and improving symmetry for facial palsy.

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Reference

  1. Scott AB. Development of botulinum toxin therapy. Dermctol Clin 2004;22(2):131–133.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eye and Facial Appearances, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

    John R. Burroughs MD (Medical Director)

  2. Center for Facial Appearances, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Richard L. Anderson MD, FACS (Medical Director)

Authors
  1. John R. Burroughs MD
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  2. Richard L. Anderson MD, FACS
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology and Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Morris E. Hartstein MD, FACS (Clinical Associate Professor) (Clinical Associate Professor)

  2. Departments of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    John B. Holds MD, FACS (Clinical Professor) (Clinical Professor)

  3. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Eye Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA

    Guy G. Massry MD (Director) (Director)

  4. Spalding Dr. Cosmetic Surgery and Dermatology, Beverly Hills, CA

    Guy G. Massry MD (Director) (Director)

  5. Davidorf Eye Group, West Hills, CA, USA

    Guy G. Massry MD (Director) (Director)

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© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Burroughs, J.R., Anderson, R.L. (2008). Introduction to Botox. In: Hartstein, M.E., Holds, J.B., Massry, G.G. (eds) Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69007-0_89

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69007-0_89

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-25389-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-69007-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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