Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful diagnostic imaging tool with which multiple quantitative and qualitative studies on diseases of the eye have been performed.1–7 Optical coherence tomography imaging is analogous to ultrasonic imaging, except that it measures echo time delays of light instead of sound.1,8 Because light travels extremely quickly, echo time delays cannot be directly measured, and correlation techniques are required. Using a technique called low-coherence interferometry, a beam of light from a low-coherence light source, such as a superluminescent diode (SLD), is directed through a beam splitter and is divided into a sample and a reference beam. Light from the sample beam is reflected back from retinal structures with different echo time delays, depending on internal properties of ocular structures. Light from the reference beam is reflected from a reference mirror whose distance is known. The echoes from the two arms are combined by an interferometer and detected.
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Chen, R.W.S., Fujimoto, J.G., Duker, J.S. (2009). Spectral/Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. In: Arevalo, J.F. (eds) Retinal Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68987-6_26
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