Power dissipation is becoming the most challenging design constraint in nanometer technologies. Among various design implementation schemes, standard cell ASICs offer the best power efficiency for high-performance applications. The flexibility of ASICs allow for the use of multiple voltages and multiple thresholds to match the performance of critical regions to their timing constraints, and minimize the power everywhere else. We explore the trade-off between multiple supply voltages and multiple threshold voltages in the optimization of dynamic and static power.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albrecht, C., Korte, B., Schietke, J., and Vygen, J., “Cycle Time and Slack Optimization for VLSI-Chips, ” proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 1999, pp. 232-238.
Beeftink, F., Kudva, P., Kung, D., Puri, R., and Stok, L., “Combinatorial cell design for CMOS libraries, ” Integration: the VLSI Journal, vol. 29, 2000, pp. 67-93.
Bergamaschi, R. A., et al., “High-level Synthesis in an Industrial Environment, ” IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 39, 1995.
Bernstein, K., et al., High Speed CMOS Design Styles, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1998.
Chen, C., Srivastava, A., and Sarrafzadeh, M., “On gate level power optimization using dual-supply voltages, ” IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 9, Oct. 2001, pp. 616-629.
Correale, A., Pan, D., Lamb, D., Wallach, D., Kung, D., and Puri, R., “Generic Voltage Island: CAD Flow and Design Experience, ” Austin Conference on Energy Efficient Design, March 2003 (IBM Research Report).
Davis, W. R., et al., “A Design Environment for High Throughput, Low Power, Dedi-cated Signal Processing Systems, ” proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Confe-rence, 2001, pp. 545.
Trevillyan, L., Kung, D., Puri, R., Kazda, M., and Reddy, L., “An integrated environment for technology closure of deep-submicron IC Designs, ” IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 21, no. 1, February 2004, pp. 14-22.
Fishburn, J. P., “Clock Skew Optimization, ” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. C-39, 1990, pp. 945-951.
Hamada, M., et al., “A top-down low power design technique using clustered voltage scaling with variable supply-voltage scheme, ” proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1998, pp. 495-498.
Hamada, M., Ootaguro, Y., and Kuroda, T., “Utilizing surplus timing for power reduction, ” proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2001, pp. 89-92.
Hetzel, A., “A sequential detailed router for huge grid graphs, ” proceedings of Design Automation and Test in Europe, 1998, pp. 332.
Hojat, S., et al., “An integrated placement and synthesis approach for timing closure of PowerPCTM microprocessors, ” proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Design, 1997, pp. 206.
Hwang, K., Computer Arithmetic: Principles, Architecture, and Design, Wiley Publishers, 1979.
Krishnamoorthy, R., et al., “Dual supply voltage clocking for 5GHz 130nm integer execution core, ” proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2002, pp. 128-129.
Kosonocky, S., et al., “Low Power Circuits and Technology for wireless digital systems, ” IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 47, no. 2/3, 2003.
Kudva, P., Kung, D., Puri, R., and Stok, L., “Gain based Synthesis, ” International Confe-rence on Computer-Aided Design tutorial, 2000.
Kulkarni, S. H., and Sylvester, D., “High performance level conversion for dual VDD design, ” IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 12, 2004, pp. 926-936.
Lackey, D., et al., “Managing Power and Performance for SOC Designs using voltage islands, ” proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 2002.
Puri, R., D’souza, E., Reddy, L., Scarpero, W., and Wilson, B., “Optimizing Power-Performance with Multi-Threshold Cu11-Cu08 ASIC Libraries, ” Austin Conference on Energy Efficient Design, March 2003 (IBM Research Report).
Puri, R., Pan, D., and Kung, D., “A Flexible Design Approach for the Use of Dual Supply Voltages and Level Conversion for Low-Power ASIC Design, ” Austin Conference on Energy Efficient Design, March 2003 (IBM Research Report).
Rohrer, N., et al., “A 480MHz RISC microprocessor in a 0. 12µm Leff CMOS technology with copper interconnects, ” proceedings of the International Solid State Circuits Confe-rence, 1998, pp. 240-241.
Sakurai, T., and Newton, R., “Alpha-power law MOSFET model and its application to CMOS inverter delay and other formulas, ” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 25, no. 2, April 1990, pp. 584-593.
Sakurai, T., and Newton, R., “Delay Analysis of Series-Connected MOSFET Circuits, ” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 26, no. 2, February 1991, pp. 122-131.
Sirichotiyakul, S., et al., “Standby power minimization through simultaneous threshold voltage selection and circuit sizing, ” proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1999, pp. 436-441.
Srivastava, A., and Sylvester, D., “Minimizing total power by simultaneous Vdd/Vth assignment, ” IEEE Transactions on CAD, vol. 23, 2004, pp. 665-677.
Stok, et al., L., “BooleDozer Logic Synthesis for ASICs, ” IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 40, no. 3/4, 1996.
Sunderland, D. A., et al, “Second Generation Megagate ASICs for the SPACEWAYTM Satellite Communications Payload, ” NASA Symposium on VLSI Design, May 2003.
Sylvester, D., and Kaul, H., “Future performance challenges in nanometer design, ” proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 2001, pp. 3-8.
Szymanski, T. G., “Computing Optimal Clock Schedules, ” proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1992, pp. 399-404.
Taur, Y., “CMOS Design near the limit of scaling, ” IBM Journal of Research and Deve-lopment, vol. 46, no. 2/3, 2002.
Usami, K., et al., “Automated Low-Power Technique Exploiting Multiple Supply Voltages Applied to a Media Processor, ” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 33, no. 3, 1998.
Usami, K., and Horowitz, M., “Clustered voltage scaling techniques for low-power Design, ” proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 1995.
Wang, Q., and Vrudhula, S., “Algorithms for minimizing standby power in deep sub-micron, dual-Vt CMOS circuits, ” IEEE Transactions on CAD, vol. 21, 2002, pp. 306-318.
Yeh, C., et al., “Layout Techniques supporting the use of Dual Supply Voltages for Cell-based Designs, ” proceedings of the Design Automation Conference, 1999.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stok, L. et al. (2007). Pushing ASIC Performance in a Power Envelope. In: Closing the Power Gap Between ASIC & Custom. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68953-1_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68953-1_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-25763-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68953-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)