Skip to main content

Backward and Forward Compatibility

  • Chapter
Book cover Lead-Free Soldering

In response to the European Union (EU) Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and other countries’ impending lead-free directives, the electronics industry is moving toward lead-free soldering. Total lead-free soldering requires not only lead-free solder paste but also lead-free printed circuit board (PCB) finish and lead-free component/packages. Transitioning tin-lead (SnPb) soldering to totally lead-free soldering is a complex issue and involves movement of the whole electronics industry supply chain. In reality, there is a transition period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Smetana J, Horsley R, Lau J, Snowdon K, Shangguan D, Gleason J, Memis I, Love D, Dauksher W, Sullivan B (2004) Design, materials and process for lead-free assembly of high-density packages. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, 16 (1): 53-62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Handwerker C, Bath J, Benedetto E, Bradley E, Gedney R, Siewert T, Snugovsky P, Sohn J (2003) NEMI Lead-free Assembly Project: Comparison Between PbSn and SnAgCu Reliability and Microstructures. In: Proceedings of the SMTA International Conference. l3. Lau JH, Liu K (2004) Global trends of lead-free soldering. Advanced Packaging Jan. 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Grossmann G, Tharian J, Jud P, Sennhauser U (2005) Microstructural investigation of lead-free BGAs soldered with tin-lead solder. Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 17 (2): 10-21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bath J, Sethuraman S, Zhou X, Willie D, Hyland K, Newman K, Hu L, Love D, Reynolds H, Kochi K, Chiang D, Chin V, Teng S, Ahmed M, Henshall G, Schroeder V, Nguyen Q, Maheswari A, Lee MJ, Clech J-P, Cannis J, Lau J, Gibson C (2005) Reliability Evaluation of Lead-free SnAgCu PBGA676 Components using Tin-Lead and Lead-free SnAgCu solder paste. In: Proceedings of 2005 SMTA International, Chicago, IL, 891-901.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zbrzezny AR, Snugovsky P, Lindsay T, Lau R (2005) Reliability Investigation of Sn-Ag-Cu BGA Memory Modules Assembled with Sn-Pb Eutectic Paste Using Different Reflow Profiles. In: International Conference on Lead-free Soldering, CMAP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 24-26, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hua F, Aspandiar R, Anderson C, Clemons G, Chung C, Faizul M (2003a) Solder Joint Reliability Assessment of Sn-Ag-Cu BGA Components Attached with Eutectic Pb-Sn Solder. In: SMTA International 2005, Chicago, IL, pp. 246-252.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nandagopal B, Chiang D, Teng S, Thune P, Anderson L, Jay R, Bath J (2005) Study on Assembly, Rework, Microstructures and Mechanical Strength of Backward Compatible Assembly. In: Proceedings of 2005 SMTA International, Chicago, IL, pp. 861-870.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Nandagopal B, Mei Z, Teng S (2006) Microstructure and Thermal Fatigue Life of BGAs with Eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu Balls Assembled at 210°C with Eutectic Sn-Pb Solder Paste. In: Proceedings of 2006 IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference, San Diego, CA, pp. 875-883.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Handwerker, C. (2005) Transitioning to Lead-free Assemblies, Printed Circuit Design and Manufacture, March Issue, pp. 17-23.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Snugovsky P, Zbrzezny AR, Kelly M, Romansky M (2005) Theory and Practice of Lead-free BGA Assembly using Sn-Pb Solder. In: International Conference on Lead-free Soldering, CMAP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 24-26, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hillman D, Wells M, Cho K (2005) The Impact of Reflowing a Pb free Solder Alloy Using a Tin/Lead Solder Alloy Reflow Profile on Solder Joint Integrity. In: International Conference on Lead-free Soldering, CMAP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 24-26, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gregorich T, Holmes P (2003) Low-Temperature, High Reliability Assembly of Lead-free CSPS. In: IPC/JEDEC 4th International Conference on Lead-free Electronic Components and Assemblies, Frankfurt, Germany, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hua F, Aspandiar R, Rothman T, Anderson C, Clemons G, Klier M (2003b) Solder Joint Reliability of Sn-Ag-Cu BGA Components Attached with Eutectic Pb-Sn Solder Pate. Journal of Surface Mount Technology 16 (1): 34-42.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sun F (2005) Solder Joint Reliability of Sn-Ag-Cu BGA and Sn-Pb Solder Paste. In: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology, Shenzhen, China.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Theuss H, Kilger T, Ort T (2003) Solder Joint Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Balls Assembled with SnPb Solder Paste. In: Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference, New Orleans, LA, pp. 331-337.

    Google Scholar 

  16. iNEMI (2006) Backward Compatibility Project Presentation. In: IPC Printed Circuits Expo, APEX and the Designers Summit, NEMI forum, Anaheim, CA, Feb. 8-10.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pan J (2006) Estimation of Liquidus Temperature when SnAgCu BGA/CSP Components are Soldered with SnPb Paste. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Electronics Packaging Technology, Shanghai, China.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pan J, Bath J (2006) Lead Free Soldering Backward Compatibility. In: IPC/JEDEC 12th International Conference on Lead Free Electronic Components and Assemblies, Santa Clara, CA, March 7-9, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Siewert T, Liu S, Smith DR, Madeni JC (2002) Database for solder properties with emphasis on new lead-free solders. NIST & Colorado School of Mines, Release 4.0, Feb. 2002, http://www.boulder.nist.gov/div853/lead free/solders.html

  20. Kattner UR, Handwerker C (2001) Calculation of Phase Equilibria in Candidate Solder Alloys. Z. Metallkd. 92: 1-10.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kattner UR, Handwerker C (2005) personal communication though emails.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Zhu Q, Sheng M, Luo L (2000) The effect of Pb contamination on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SnAg/Cu and SnSb/Cu solder joints in SMT. Soldering and Surface Mount Technology, 12 (3): 19-23.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zeng X (2005) Thermodynamic analysis of influence of Pb contamination on Pb-free solder joint reliability. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 348: 184-188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nurmi ST, Ristolainen (2002) Reliability of Tin-lead Balled BGAs Soldered with Lead-free Solder Paste. Soldering and Surface Mount Technology, 14 (2): 35-39.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hunt C and Wickham M (2006) Impact of Lead Contamination on Reliability of Lead Free Alloys. In: Proceedings of IPC Printed Circuits Expo, APEX and the Designers Summit, Anaheim, CA, Feb. 8-10, S39-01-1 -11.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Practical Components webpage at http://www.practicalcomponents.com/

  27. Topline webpage at http://www.topline.tv/

  28. Moon K, Boettinger WJ, Kattner UR, Handwerker CA, and Lee D (2001) The Effect of Pb contamination on the Solidification Behavior of Sn-Bi Solders. Journal of Electronic Materials, 30 (1), 45-52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. JEDEC/IPC (2006) Current Tin Whiskers Theory and Mitigation Practices Guideline. March.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Henshall G, Roubaud P and Chew G (2002) Impact of Component Terminal Finish on the Reliability of Pb-free Solder Joints. In: Proceedings of the SMTA International Conference.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lau J, Hoo N, Horsley R, Smetana J, Shangguan D, Dauksher W, Love D, Menis I, Sullivan B (2004) Reliability Testing and Data Analysis of Lead-free Solder Joints for High-density Packages. Soldering and Surface Mount Technology, 16 (2): 46-68.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Seelig K and Suraski D (2001) Advances Issues in Assembly: Part 1 Lead Contamination in Lead-free Assembly. In: SMT Magazine, October.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Solectron internal data.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Verhelst E and Ocket T (2002) Lead-free manufacturing: Effects on press-fit connections. White Paper, Tyco Electronics.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pal I, Smolentseva E (2006) An Experimental Study of Press-fit Interconnection on Lead Free Plating Finishes. In: Proceedings of SMTAI, Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Chou GJS and Hilty RD (2003) Effects of Lead-free Surface Finishes on Press-fit Connections. In: Proceedings of the IPC Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pan, J., Bath, J., Zhou, X., Willie, D. (2007). Backward and Forward Compatibility. In: Bath, J. (eds) Lead-Free Soldering. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68422-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68422-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32466-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68422-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics