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Decompression-Related Disorders: Pressurization Systems, Barotrauma, and Altitude Sickness

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Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight

The physiological zone from sea level to 3,048 m (10,000 ft) encompasses the pressure to which humans are well adapted, although if appropriately acclimated they can survive the summit of Earth’s highest mountain (Mt. Everest at 4,448 m/29,028 ft) without supplemental oxygen. Continuing to altitudes above this, artificial systems are required to supply needed oxygen and, eventually, sufficient ambient pressure. The most effective means of preventing physiological problems in aircraft and spacecraft is to provide cabin pressurization so that occupants are never exposed to pressures outside the physiological zone. Failure of structures, hardware, or procedures may unfortunately lead to unwanted and hazardous decompression events. This chapter will review cabin pressurization schemes, events that might lead to loss of pressure, and two major medical concerns of decompression: barotrauma and altitude sickness.

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  1. National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

    Jonathan B. Clark M.D.,M.P.H.

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  1. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Michael R. Barratt M.D.,M.S.  & Sam L. Pool M.D.  & 

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Clark, J.B. (2008). Decompression-Related Disorders: Pressurization Systems, Barotrauma, and Altitude Sickness. In: Barratt, M.R., Pool, S.L. (eds) Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68164-1_12

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