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Liver Transplantation

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Abstract

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major health problem in the United States, affecting millions of Americans and resulting in large health care expenditures and economic losses. The incidence of newly diagnosed CLD in the United States is 72.3 per 100,000 population.1 The most common etiologies of CLD include hepatitis C virus (HCV) (57%), alcohol (24%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (9.1%), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (4.4%). Approximately 3.9 million Americans (1.8 % of the population) have been infected with HCV, and 70% or 2.7 million have evidence of chronic infection based on detection of serum HCV RNA.2 Fortunately, the incidence of new infections is decreasing from a peak of 100 cases per 100,000 in the 1980s to 20 cases per 100,000 or 40,000 new infections annually currently. Because HCV is a chronic infection, however, the projections are for a fourfold increase between 1990 and 2015 in the number of individuals with a 20-year history of HCV infection13 (Fig. 85.1). This is important because of the increased risk in this population of life-threatening complications of CLD and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Estimates are that 14 million Americans (7.4% of the population) 18 years and older meet established criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence,1 and alcohol accounts for 28% of the deaths from CLD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Douglas W. Hanto MD, PhD (Lewis Thomas Professor and Chief), Scott R. Johnson MD (Instructor and Surgical Director of Kidney Transplantation), Seth J. Karp MD (Assistant Professor) & Khalid Khwaja MD (Instructor and Surgical Director of Pancreas Transplantation)

  2. Division of Transplantation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Douglas W. Hanto MD, PhD (Lewis Thomas Professor and Chief) & Seth J. Karp MD (Assistant Professor)

  3. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Scott R. Johnson MD (Instructor and Surgical Director of Kidney Transplantation) & Khalid Khwaja MD (Instructor and Surgical Director of Pancreas Transplantation)

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  1. Douglas W. Hanto MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

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  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

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    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

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Hanto, D.W., Johnson, S.R., Karp, S.J., Khwaja, K. (2008). Liver Transplantation. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_86

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