Abstract
After the development of general anesthetics such as ether and chloroform during the middle of the nineteenth century, investigators began to study techniques to repair heart wounds in the animal laboratory. Soon, simple operations in humans for heart wounds were reported.
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Stephenson, L.W. (2008). History of Cardiac Surgery. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_70
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