Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Monitoring of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function

  • Chapter
Surgery

  • 304 Accesses

Abstract

Patient acuity is increasing in the intensive care unit (ICU), requiring more sophisticated methods to monitor, support, and evaluate critically ill patients.1–3 Mechanical ventilation is a mainstay of modern ICU care. Monitoring of blood flow, acid-base status, oxygen transport, coagulation, pulmonary and other visceral organ function, and the development of nosocomial infection are a few of several aspects of patient surveillance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ahrens T. Utilization of intensive care unit technology. New Horiz 1998;6:41–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Eachempati SR, Barie PS. Minimally invasive and noninvasive diagnosis and therapy in critically ill and injured patients. Arch Surg 1999;134:1189–1196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Barie PS. Advances in critical care monitoring. Arch Surg 1997;132:734–739.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Corwin HL, Parsonnet KC, Gettinger A. RBC transfusion in the ICU. Is there a reason? Chest 1995;108:767–771.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Low LL, Harrington GR, Stoltzfus DP. The effect of arterial lines on blood-drawing practices and costs in intensive care units. Chest 1995;108:216–219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lin JC, Strauss RG, Kulhavy JC, Johnson KJ. Phlebotomy overdraw in the neonatal intensive care nursery. Pediatrics 2000;106:E19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Adal KA, Farr BM. Central venous catheter-related infections: a review. Nutrition 1996;12:208–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ottino G, De Paulis R, Pansini S, et al. Major sternal wound infection after open-heart surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors in 2,579 consecutive operative procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:173–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Louie RF, Tang Z, Sutton DV, et al. Point-of-care glucose testing: effects of critical care variables, influence of reference instruments, and a modular glucose meter design. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:257–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1359–1367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chance JJ, Li DJ, Sokoll LJ, et al. Multiple site analytical evaluation of a portable blood gas/electrolyte analyzer for point of care testing. Crit Care Med 2000;28:2081–2085.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, et al. American Heart Association. Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Clinical Cardiology, and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Circulation 2004;110:2721–2146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sejersten M, Pahlm O, Pettersson J, et al. The relative accuracies of ECG precordial lead waveforms derived from EASI leads and those acquired from paramedic applied standard leads. J Electrocardiol 2003;36:179–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chun AA. McGee SR. Bedside diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Am J Med 2004;117:334–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Salerno SM, Alguire PC, Waxman HS. Competency in interpretation of 12-lead electrocardiograms: a summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:751–760.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Giles JW, Sear JW, Foex P. Effect of chronic beta-blockade on peri-operative outcome in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: an analysis of observational and case control studies. Anaesthesia 2004;59:574–578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mangano DT, Layug EL, Wallace A, et al. Effect of atenolol on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity after noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1713–1720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Auerbach AD, Goldman L. Beta-blockers and reduction of cardiac events in noncardiac surgery: scientific review. JAMA 2002;287:1435–1444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Reuss JL. Factors influencing fetal pulse oximetry performance. J Clin Monit Comp 2004;18:13–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Branson RD, Mannheimer PD. Forehead oximetry in critically ill patients: the case for a new monitoring site. Respir Care Clin N Am 2004;10:359–367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pedersen T, Dyrlund A, Pedersen B, et al. Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;3: CD002013.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Aoyagi T. Pulse oximetry: its invention, theory, and future. J Anesth 2003;17:259–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Barie PS, Eachempati. SR. Fever in the ICU. In: Read RC, ed. Managing Difficult Infections. London: SP Science Press, 1999:63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Soubani AO. Noninvasive monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Am J Emerg Med 2001;19:141–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hatlestad D. Capnography as a predictor of the return of spontaneous circulation. Emerg Med Serv 2004;33:75–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Thompson JE, Jaffe MB. Capnographic waveforms in the mechanically ventilated patient. Respir Care 2005;50:100–109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Maciel AT, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Tissue capnometry: does the answer lie under the tongue? Intensive Care Med 2004;30:2157–2165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Pinsky MR. Hemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit. Clin Chest Med 2003;24:549–560.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bowdle TA. Complications of invasive monitoring. Anesth Clin N Am 2002;20:571–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1123–1133.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. O’Quin R, Marini JJ. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; clinical physiology, measurement and interpretation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;128:319–326.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Stetz CW, Miller RG, Kelly GE, et al. Reliability of the thermo-dilution method in the determination of cardiac output in clinical practice. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982;126:1001–1010.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Barie PS. Perioperative management. In: Norton JA, Lowry SF, Pass H, et al., eds. Surgery: Scientific Basis and Current Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2000:363–395.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bender JS, Smith-Meek MA, Jones CE. Routine pulmonary artery catheterization does not reduce morbidity and mortality of elective vascular surgery: results of a prospective, randomized trial. Ann Surg 1997;226:229–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Isaacson IJ, Lowdon JD, Berry AJ, et al. The value of pulmonary artery and central venous monitoring in patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery: a comparative study of two selected, randomized groups. J Vasc Surg 1990;12:754–760.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Berlauk JF, Abrams JH, Gilmour IJ, et al. Perioperative optimization of cardiovascular hemodynamics improves outcome in peripheral vascular surgery. Ann Surg 1991;214:290–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ziegler DW, Wright JG, Choban PS, et al. A prospective randomized trial of preoperative optimization of cardiac function in patients undergoing elective peripheral vascular surgery. Surgery (St. Louis) 1997;22:584–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Valentine RF, Duke ML, Inman MH, et al. Effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in aortic surgery. A randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 1998;27:203–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fischer SP. Cost-effective preoperative evaluation and testing. Chest 1997;115(suppl):96S–100S.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bonazzi M, Gentile F, Biasi GM, et al. Impact of perioperative haemodynamic monitoring on cardiac morbidity after major vascular surgery in low risk patients. A randomised pilot trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002;23:445–451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rhodes A, Cusack RJ, Newman PJ, et al. A randomised, controlled trial of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:256–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med 2003;348:5–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Morris AH, Chapman RH, Gardner RM. Frequency of technical problems encountered in the measurement of pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Crit Care Med 1984;12:164–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Trottier SJ, Taylor RW. Physicians attitudes toward and knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter: Society of Critical Care Medicine membership survey. New Horiz 1997;5:201–206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Shippy CR, Appel PL, Shoemaker WC. Reliability of clinical monitoring to assess blood volume in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1984;12:107–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. JAMA 1996;276:889–897.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Boyd O, Grounds RM, Bennett ED. A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in high-risk surgical patients. JAMA 1993;270:2699–2707.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Yu M, Takanishi D, Myers SA, et al. Frequency of mortality and myocardial infarction during maximizing oxygen delivery: a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1025–1032.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Richard C, Warzawski J, Anguel N, et al. French Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group. Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcome in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2713–2720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, et al. Prospective trial of supranormal values of oxygenation as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1988;94:1176–1186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Uchino S, Doidg GS, Beloomo R, et al. Diuretics and mortality in acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1669–1677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Fleming A, Shop M, Shoemaker W, et al. Prospective trial of supranormal values as goals of resuscitation in severe trauma. Arch Surg 1992;7:1175–1179.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Tuchschmidt J, Fried J, Astiz M, et al. Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock. Chest 1992;102:216–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yau EH, et al. Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1717–1722.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Marik PE. Pulmonary artery catheterization and esophageal Doppler monitoring in the ICU. Chest 1999;116:1085–1091.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Connors AFJ, Speroff T, Dawson NV, et al. The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators. JAMA 1996;276:889–897.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zion MM, Balkin J, Rosenmann D, et al. Use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of experience with 5,841 patients in the SPRINT registry. Chest 1990;98:1331–1335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Iberti TJ, Fischer EP, Leibowitz AB, et al. A multicenter study of physician’s knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter: Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group. JAMA 1990;264:2928–2932.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cocanour CS, et al. Supranormal trauma resuscitation causes more cases of abdominal compartment syndrome. Arch Surg 2003;138:637–643.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Shoemaker WC. Use and abuse of the balloon tipped pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter: are patients getting their money’s worth? Crit Care Med 1990;18:1294–1296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Diebel L, Wilson R, Tagett MG, et al. End diastolic volume: a better indicator of preload in the critically ill. Arch Surg 1992;127:817–822.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Fong Y, Whalen GF, Hariri RH, Barie PS. Utility of daily chest radiographs in the surgical intensive care unit: a prospective study. Arch Surg 1995;130:764–768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Eachempati SR, Young C, Alexander J, et al. The clinical use of an esophageal Doppler monitor for hemodynamic monitoring in sepsis. J Clin Monit Comput 1999;15:223–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lefrant JY, Bruelle P, Aya AG, et al. Training is required to improve the reliability of esophageal Doppler to measure cardiac output in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 1998;24:347–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Shoemaker WC, Belzberg H, Wo CC, et al. Multicenter study of noninvasive monitoring systems as alternatives to invasive monitoring of acutely ill emergency patients. Chest 1998;114:1643–1652.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Su NY, Huang CJ, Tsai P, et al. Cardiac output measurement during cardiac surgery: esophageal Doppler versus pulmonary artery catheter. Acta Anaesthiol Sin 2002;40:127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Rincon F, Mayer SA. Novel therapies for intracerebral hemorrhage. Curr Opin Crit Care 2004;10:94–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Forsyth R, Baxter P, Elliott T. Routine intracranial pressure monitoring in acute coma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;3: CD002043.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hameed SM, Cohn SM. Gastric tonometry: the role of mucosal pH measurement in the management of trauma. Chest 2003;123(5 suppl):475S–481S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gardeback M, Settergren G, Brodin LA, et al. Splanchnic blood flow and oxygen uptake during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:308–315.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Frumento RJ, Mongero L, Naka Y, Bennett-Guerrero E. Preserved gastric tonometric variables in cardiac surgical patients administered intravenous perflubron emulsion. Anesth Analg 2002;94:809–814.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Lebuffe G, Vallet B, Takala J, et al. A European, multicenter, observational study to assess the value of gastric-to-end tidal PCO2 difference in predicting postoperative complications. Anesth Analg 2004;99:166–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Cohn SM, Crookes BA, Proctor KG. Near-infrared spectroscopy in resuscitation. J Trauma 2003;54(5 suppl):S199–S202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Gentilello LM, Sanzone A, Wang L, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy versus compartment pressure for the diagnosis of lower extremity compartmental syndrome using electromyography-determined measurements of neuromuscular function. J Trauma 2001;51:1–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA (Professor and Chief)

  2. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA (Professor and Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA

    Soumitra R. Eachempati MD (Associate Professor and Associate Attending Surgeon)

  4. New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Soumitra R. Eachempati MD (Associate Professor and Associate Attending Surgeon)

Authors
  1. Philip S. Barie MD, MBA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Soumitra R. Eachempati MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  2. Divisions of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey A. Norton MD, FACS (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief) (Robert L. and Mary Ellenburg Professor, Chief)

  3. Departments of Surgery and Public Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  4. Division of Critical Care and Trauma, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Philip S. Barie MD, MBA, FCCM, FACS (Professor, Chief) (Professor, Chief)

  5. Departments of Surgery and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    R. Randal Bollinger MD, PhD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alfred E. Chang MD, FACS (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery) (Chief, Hugh Cabot Professor of Surgery)

  7. Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  8. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Stephen F. Lowry MD, MBA, FACS (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  9. Department of Surgery, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  10. Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Sean J. Mulvihill MD, FACS (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs) (Professor and Chair, Senior Director of Clinical Affairs)

  11. Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Harvey I. Pass MD, FACS (Professor) (Professor)

  12. Radiology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

  13. Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Robert W. Thompson MD, FACS (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research) (Professor of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery), Vice-Chairman for Research)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Barie, P.S., Eachempati, S.R. (2008). Monitoring of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function. In: Norton, J.A., et al. Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-30800-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-68113-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation