Sensor nodes often transmit via a wireless medium in which the power required to send data is proportional to the square of the distance between the source and the destination. This problem is compounded by the fact that the sink (node which collects the sensed data) can be far removed from any given node. In many situations, it is likely that most nodes will not be able to have a direct connection with the sink. In order to address these issues, a multi-hop distributed routing protocol needs to be implemented to relay the information in a quick and power effecient manner.
In this chapter, routing protocols for sensor networks are surveyed, with an emphasis on trajectory-centric routing mechanisms. Existing routing protocols are classiffed and their advantage and disadvantages are compared. Design trade-offs between constrained and unconstrained routing with regards to effeciency, speed of routing, and computational complexity are discussed. Finally, a new trajectory-centric routing mechanism, called Traffic Engineering Routing (TE-Routing or TER), is described and analyzed. With the objective of securely forwarding data in a sensor network, in TE-Routing, a preferred trajectory is traced a priori. This is particularly needed in problems where obstacle avoidance is necessary. In these scenarios, the network needs to be supplied with a trajectory that would serve as a “nominal” trajectory that the routing protocol will try to adhere to, taking into account its own constraints, such as node power depletion. The use of a computer aided design (CAD) tool is proposed to allow an expert to enter a set of ordered coordinate points and have the CAD design come up with a compact description of the “nominal” trajectory, adapting it to the given constraints. Simulation results are discussed and a comparison with existing mechanisms is also given.
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Cohen, F.S., Goldberg, J., de Oliveira, J.C. (2008). Reliable and Efficient Information Forwarding and Traffic Engineering in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Li, Y., Thai, M.T., Wu, W. (eds) Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49592-7_15
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