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Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

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Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Disease

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIUN))

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Abstract

Immune diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system constitute an heterogeneous group of disorders which share a significative implication of the immune system in pathophysiology. Multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are considered of autoimmune origin, with an unidentified candidate auto-antigen. Many investigations have been performed to find genetic associations or linkage with genes encoding proteins involved in immune regulation. The only significant positive result is the HLA, especially class II molecules, whereas other genes like cytokines or chemokines did not give reproductive results. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antigen specific autoimmune disease (antibodies against acetyl choline receptors (AchR)), mainly mediated by the humoral immunity, but also associated with thymus changes, allowing a rough classification into different subsets of patients. In MG, it was possible to identify a genetic association to HLA and AchR genes, suggesting a direct participation of these molecules to disease initiation and development. Finally, narcolepsy is a disease of possible autoimmune origin, as suggested by its tight association with HLA alleles, although the primary antigenic target remains unknown.

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  1. Faculté de Médecine Pitié Salpêtrière, Fédération de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France

    Dorothée Chabas, Isabelle Cournu-Rebeix & Bertrand Fontaine

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  1. Dorothée Chabas
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  2. Isabelle Cournu-Rebeix
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  3. Bertrand Fontaine
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Chabas, D., Cournu-Rebeix, I., Fontaine, B. (2006). Central and Peripheral Nervous System Diseases. In: Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Disease. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39926-3_5

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