Abstract
Ontology-development languages may allow users to supplement frame-based representations with arbitrary logical sentences. In the case of the Ontolingua ontology library, only 10% of the ontologies have any user-defined axioms. We believe the phrase “writing axioms is difficult” accounts for this phenomenon; domain experts often cannot translate their thoughts into symbolic representation. We attempt to reduce this chasm in communication by identifying groups of axioms that manifest common patterns creating ‘emplates’ that allow users to compose axioms by ‘filling-in-the-blanks.’ We studied axioms in two public ontology libraries, and derived 20 templates that cover 85% of all the user-defined axioms. We describe our methodology for collecting the templates and present sample templates. We also define several properties of templates that will allow users to find an appropriate template quickly. Thus, our research entails a significant simplification in the process for acquiring axioms from domain experts. We believe that this simplification will foster the introduction of axioms and constraints that are currently missing in the ontologies.
The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35602-0_35
Chapter PDF
References
Barker, K., Clark, P. and Porter, B. A Library of Generic Concepts for Composing Knowledge Bases. In: 1st Int Conf on Knowledge Capture (K-Cap’01). Victoria, BC, 2001.
Clark P., Thompson, J., and Porter, B. Knowledge Patterns. In KR’2000 (Proc 7th Int Conj), pages 591–600, Eds: A. Cohn, F. Giunchiglia, B. Selman, CA: Kaufmann, 2000.
Chaudhri, V.K., Farquhar, A., Fikes, R., Karp, P.D. and Rice, J.P. OKBC: A programmatic foundation for knowledge base interoperability. In: Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98). Madison, Wisconsin: AAAI Press/The MIT Press, 1998.
Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R. and Vlissides, J., Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1999.
Genesereth, M.R. and Fikes, R.E., Knowledge Interchange Format, Version 0.3, Reference Manual, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, 1992.
Karp, P.D., The design space offrame knowledge representation systems, SRI AI Center: Menlo Park, CA, 1993.
Ontolingua, Ontolingua System Reference Manual,Knowledge Systems Lab, Stanford University, http://www-ksl-svc.stanford.edu:5915/doc/frame-editor/index.html
Protégé, The Protege Project,Stanford Medical Informatics, Stanford University, 2000. http://www.mpimet.mpg.de
Staab, S. and Mädche, A. Axioms are objects, too - Ontology Engineering Beyond the Modeling of Concepts and Relations. In: ECAI 2000 Workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods. Berlin, 2000.
Staab, M. Erdmann, A. Maedche. Engineering ontologies using semantic patterns. In A. Preece & D. O’Leary (eds.), Proceedings of the IJCAI-01 Workshop on E-Business & the Intelligent Web. Seattle, 2001.
Tu, S.W. and Musen, M.A. Modeling Data and Knowledge in the EON Guideline Architecture. In: Medlnfo 2001. London, 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hou, CS.J., Noy, N.F., Musen, M.A. (2002). A Template-Based Approach Toward Acquisition of Logical Sentences. In: Musen, M.A., Neumann, B., Studer, R. (eds) Intelligent Information Processing. IIP 2002. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing, vol 93. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35602-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35602-0_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1031-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-35602-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive