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Smith, J.M. (1966). The theory of evolution. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd.
Fernandez Ballesteros, M.L., Buchthal, F., and Rosenfalck, P. (1965). The pattern of muscular activity during the arm swing of natural walking. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 63: 296–310. A diagonal pattern of limb movement is characteristic of primates in general. See: Larson, S.G. (1998). Unique aspects of quadrupedal locomotion in nonhuman primates, In: Strasser, E., Fleagle, J., Rosenberger, A., and McHenry, H. (editors) Primate locomotion: Recent advances, New York: Plenum Press, pp. 157–173.
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In South American sloths, animals which spend their lives clinging to the underside of branches, the antigravity muscles of both the limbs and the trunk are flexors. Consequently decerebrate rigidity in the sloth consists of a posture in which the neck and trunk are ventroflexed and the limbs are flexed against the body. This indicates that in decerebrate rigidity antigravity muscles are strongly contracted regardless of whether they are flexors or extensors. See: Richter, C.P., and Bartemeier, L.H. (1926). Decerebrate rigidity of the sloth. Brain, 49: 207–225.
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(2007). Neural mechanisms of locomotion in humans. In: The Evolving Brain. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34230-6_7
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