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Transcriptional Control of Nerve Cell Death, Survival and Repair

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Immediate Early Genes in Sensory Processing, Cognitive Performance and Neurological Disorders

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15. Conclusions

The data reviewed here demonstrate the paradoxical involvement of the bZIP transcription factors in the mechanisms mediating nerve cell death as well as those promoting survival and repair after injury. Precisely, how these transcription factors regulate such diverse cellular processes awaits clarification but differential phosphorylation and dimer partner availability are likely to be key factors. For example, c-Jun-mediated regeneration is associated with selective phosphorylation of Ser73 and dimerization with ATF-3, whereas Ser63 phosphorylation and dimerization with ATF-2 can (at least in some cases) result in c-Jun-mediated cell death. Similarly, the duration of CREB phosphorylation appears to be related to its function, since prolonged phosphorylation is associated with neuroprotection, whereas dephosphorylation is associated with neurotoxicity. Whether these observations represent fundamental conserved responses to injury or are dependent on the insult and cell-type remains to be determined. However, these transcription factors and the signaling mechanisms they control represent potential targets for the design of new therapies to prevent nerve cell death and promote survival and repair after injury.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Rachel Cameron & Mike Dragunow

  2. National Research Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Mike Dragunow

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  1. Rachel Cameron
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  2. Mike Dragunow
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Raphael Pinaud Ph.D.  & Liisa A. Tremere Ph.D.  & 

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Cameron, R., Dragunow, M. (2006). Transcriptional Control of Nerve Cell Death, Survival and Repair. In: Pinaud, R., Tremere, L.A. (eds) Immediate Early Genes in Sensory Processing, Cognitive Performance and Neurological Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33604-6_12

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