Abstract
As the United States and other highly industrialized nations become increasingly diverse, a key question is whether they will be societies of diverse communities or contested lands of unequal and competing segregated communities. In 2000, the United States was 69.1 percent non-Hispanic white, 12.5 percent Hispanic, 12.1 percent non-Hispanic African American, 3.6 percent Asian, 0.7 percent Native American, and 1.8 percent non-Hispanic other or multiracial (Grieco and Cassidy, 2001, p. 10).1 The U.S. Bureau of the Census projects that by the year 2050 over half of the U.S. population will be “minority,” (U.S. Census Bureau, 2004) calling into question the use of the term itself. Indeed, four states are already classified as “majority minority” states—states where no one racial or ethnic group represents a majority.2 The growth of diversity has been fueled by increased immigration from Latin America and Asia, as well as by the fact that many immigrant families are young families that contribute to natural population increases.
Hispanic (or Latino) is an ethnic category distinct from race.
The states are California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii (Pear, 2005).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aardema, N. and Knoy, S.J. (2004). Fighting gentrification Chicago style. Social Policy (Summer) 34(4):39–43.
Beito, D.T. (2000). From Mutual Aid to the Welfare State: Fraternal Societies and Social Services, 1890–1967. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Blakely, E.C. and Synder, M.G. (1997a). Putting Up the Gates. Shelterforce Online. (May/June). Retrieved October 15, 2005 from: http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:ov-RmzJrfqUJ:www.nhi.org/online/issues/93/gates.html+gated+communities+blakely&hl=en.
Blakely, E.C. and Synder, M.G. (1997b). Fortress America: Gated Communities in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Boal, F.W. (Ed.). (2000). Ethnicity and Housing: Accommodating Differences. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Business and Professional People for the Public Interest. (2005). Community Guide to Creating Affordable Housing. Chicago: Author.
Cashin, S. (2004). The Failures of Integration: How Race and Class Are Undermining the American Dream. New York: Public Affairs.
City of Chicago, Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs. (2005). Stirring Things Up in Chicago. Chicago: Author.
Dreier, P., Mollenkopf, J., and Swanstrom, T. (2004). Place Matters: Metropolitics for the Twenty-First Century (2d edn.). Lawrence: University of Kansas Press.
Ellen, I.G. (2000). Sharing America’s Neighborhoods: The Prospects for Stable Racial Integration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Ellis, J.E. (1988). The Black middle class. Business Week, March 14, pp. 62–70.
Fannie Mae. (2003). Employer-Assisted Housing: Improving the Bottom Line and Unlocking Doors to Homeownership for Your Employees. Washington, DC: Author.
Farr, M. (Ed.) (2004). Ethnolinguistic Chicago: Language and Literacy in the City’s Neighborhoods. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ferman, B., Singleton, T., and DeMarco, D. (1998). West Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. Cityscape, 4(2):29–59.
Ford Foundation. (2002). Win Win: The Double Bottom Line: Competitive Advantage Through Community Investment. New York: Author.
Frey, W.H. (2003). Melting pot suburbs: A study of suburban diversity. In: Redefining Urban and Suburban America: Evidence from Census 2000, ed. B. Katz and R.E. Lang, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 155–179.
Galster, G. (1998). A stock/flow model of defining racially integrated neighborhoods. Journal of Urban Affairs, 20:43–52.
Goodwin, C. (1979). The Oak Park Strategy: Community Control of Racial Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Grieco, E.M. and Cassidy, R.C. (2001). Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin 2000: Census 2000 Brief. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census (March) C2KBR/01-1.
Hartman, C., Keating, D., and LeGates, R., with Turner, S. (1982). Displacement, How to Fight It. Berkeley, CA: National Housing Law Project.
Hoffman, L. (2003). The marketing of diversity in the inner city: Tourism and regulation in Harlem. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27:286–299.
Hoge, W. (1998). A Swedish dilemma: The immigrant ghetto. New York Times. October 6. (Late Edition-Final) Sect. A, p. 3.
Hughes, E.B. (2004). In Transit. New York: Ford Foundation Report. (Spring).
Jackson, K.T. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kasinitz, P., Bazzi, M., and Doane, R. (1998). Jackson Heights, New York. Cityscape, 4(2):161–177.
Keating, W.D. (1994). The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Khakee, A., Somma, P., and Thomas, H. (Eds.). (1999). Urban Renewal, Ethnicity and Social Exclusion in Europe. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
Kirp, D.L., Dwyer, J.P., and Rosenthal, L.A. (1995). Our Town: Race, Housing, and the Soul of Suburbia. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Logan, J.R. (2001). Ethnic Grows, Neighborhood Integration Lags Behind. Albany, NY: Louis Mumford Center, SUNY Albany.
Logan, J.R. (2003). Ethnic diversity grows, neighborhood integration lags. In: Redefining Urban and Suburban America: Evidence from Census 2000, ed. B. Katz and R.E. Lang, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 235–255.
Maly, M.T. (2005). Beyond Segregation: Multiracial and Multiethnic Neighborhoods in the United States. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Marcuse, P. (1985). Gentrification, abandonment, and displacement: Connections, causes, and policy responses in New York City. Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law, 28:195–240.
Massey D.S. and Denton, N.A. (1993). American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Myrdal, G. (1944). An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. New York: Harper and Brothers.
Nyden, P. (2005). The challenges and opportunities of engaged research. In: Applied Research and Community Change, ed. Linda Silka, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, pp. 9–20. The url for the report is: http://www.oup.org/files/pubs/scholarship.pdf
Nyden, P., Burrows, D., Figert, A., and Shibley, M. (Eds.). (1997). Building Community: Social Science in Action. Thousands Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press (Sage).
Nyden, P., Leachman, M., Peterman, W., and Coleman, D. (1998b). Black, White and Shades of Brown: Fair Housing and Economic Opportunity in the Chicago Region. Chicago: Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities.
Nyden, P., Lukehart, J., and Peterman, W. (2003). Stable racially and ethnically diverse communities: Present and future. Paper presented at Color Lines Conference, Sponsored by the Civil Rights Project, Harvard University (August).
Nyden, P, Lukehart, J., Maly, M., and Peterman, W. (Eds.). (1998a). Neighborhood racial and ethnic diversity in U.S. cities. Special issue of Cityscape 4(2).
Pear, R. (2005). Racial and ethnic minorities gain in the nation as whole. New York Times. August 12 (Late edition), Sect. A, p. 16.
Perlman, J. (2005). Italians Then, Mexicans Now. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Ralph, J.R. (1993). Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rogers Park Builders Group (2003). Rogers Park: A Renaissance Neighborhood on Chicago’s North Coast. Chicago: Author.
Saltman, J. (1990). A Fragile Movement: The Struggle for Neighborhood Stabilization. New York: Greenwood.
Schwartz, D.C., Hoffman, D.N., and Ferlauto, R.C. (1992). Employer Assisted Housing: A Benefit for the 1990’s. Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs.
Seligman, A. I. (2005). Block by Block: Neighborhoods and Public Policy on Chicago’s West Side. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Shuman, M. (1998). Going Local: Creating Self Reliant Communities in a Global Age. New York: Free Press.
Skogan, W. (1990). Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Smith, R. (1998). Discovering stable racial integration. Journal of Urban Affairs, 20:1–26.
Squires, G. (1994). Capital and Communities in Black and White: The Intersections Of Race, Class, and Uneven Development. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
United States Census Bureau. (2004). Census Bureau projects tripling of Hispanic and Asian populations in 50 years; non-Hispanic Whites may drop to half of total population. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau News. Press Release. March 18 (CB04-44).
Useem, B. (1981). Models of the Boston anti-busing movement: Polity/mobilization and relative deprivation. The Sociological Quarterly. 22:263–274.
Wessel, D. (2005). As rich-poor gap widens in the U.S. class mobility stalls. Wall Street Journal. May 13, p. 1.
Williams, B. (1988). Upscaling Downtown: Stalled Gentrification in Washington, D.C. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Wuthnow, R. (2005). America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nyden, P. (2008). Sustaining Racially, Ethnically, and Economically Diverse Communities. In: Cnaan, R.A., Milofsky, C. (eds) Handbook of Community Movements and Local Organizations. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32933-8_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32933-8_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-75729-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-32933-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)