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Composition and Assembly of Gabaergic Postsynaptic Specializations

  • Chapter
Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptogenesis

1. Summary

GABAergic synapses are the major sites of inhibitory transmission in the brain. The key functional components, GABAA receptors, are GABA-gated chloride channels sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Among a wide diversity of subunit compositions, most common is a pentamer of two α1, two β2, and one γ 2 subunit. The γ2 subunit contributes to synaptic localization of the complex. Point mutant knock-in mice of individual α subunits revealed specific roles for α1 in sedation and amnesia and α2 in anxiety. Trafficking of GABAA receptors is regulated by interacting proteins and by extracellular signals such as epileptogenic activity. Other key components of GABAergic synapses include cell adhesion complexes of cadherins, and presynaptic neurexins with postsynaptic dystroglycan or neuroligin-2. Recent evidence suggests that neurexins and neuroligins function to recruit components to GABA synapses and to control the balance of GABA and glutamate synapses. A major intracellular postsynaptic component is gephyrin, which anchors some GABAA receptors and may recruit other molecules to the postsynaptic site. Despite recent progress, the molecular linkages among key components such as GABAA receptors, gephyrin, and neuroligins have not been identified, indicating that much is yet to be discovered about the composition and assembly of GABAergic synapses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2B5

    Yunhee Kang & Ann Marie Craig

  2. Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Yunhee Kang

Authors
  1. Yunhee Kang
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  2. Ann Marie Craig
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  1. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 52 Martinistrasse, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Alexander Dityatev

  2. University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 2A1

    Alaa El-Husseini

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Kang, Y., Craig, A.M. (2006). Composition and Assembly of Gabaergic Postsynaptic Specializations. In: Dityatev, A., El-Husseini, A. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-32562-0_20

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