Filters and frequency weightings are used to give emphasis or de-emphasis to parts of a signal based on its frequency content. The frequency range for filters is often separated in one or more passbands and one and more stopbands. The stopband consists of the band of those frequencies where we want the filter to remove the signal energy (high attenuation); the passband consists of the band of those frequencies where we want a low attenuation. An example is an octave-band filter where the passband is one octave wide. The filter will have low attenuation at frequencies within the octave band and high attenuation for signals outside the band.
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Bjor, OH. (2008). Filters. In: Havelock, D., Kuwano, S., Vorländer, M. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_7
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