In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell described his first telephone with a microphone using magnetic induction to convert the voice input into an electric output signal. The basic principle led to a variety of designs optimized for different needs, from hearing impaired users to singers or broadcast announcers. From the various sound pressure versions, only the moving coil design is still in mass production for speech and music application.
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References
IEC 60268-4 (2004–02) Sound system equipment – Part 4: Microphones
Gayford, Michael (Ed.), Microphone Engineering Handbook, Butterworth and Heinemann: London 1994.
Further Reading
Abbagnaro, Louis A. (Ed.), Microphones, AES Anthology, New York 1979
Bauer, B.B., “A Century of Microphones,” Proceedings of the IRE, 1962, pp. 719–729.
Beranek, L.L., Acoustic Measurements, Wiley / Chapmann and Hall, London 1949
Griese, H.-J., “Die Entwicklung der dynamischen Mikrofone in den letzten 25 Jahren,” Funk-Technik 25 (1970), No. 11, pp. 413–416
Olson, Harry F., Acoustical Engineering, Princeton 1957
Olson, Harry F., “Microphones for Recording,” Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 25 (1977), pp. 676–684.
Reichardt W., Grundlagen der Elektroakustik, 3. Ed., Leipzig 1960 and following edititions
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Werner, E. (2008). Dynamic Pressure Microphones. In: Havelock, D., Kuwano, S., Vorländer, M. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_66
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