This section discusses the applications of digital sequences in acoustical system identification and characterization and describes Golay codes and binary maximum-length sequences (MLSs) in some detail. Legendre sequences and other coded signals are briefly described. Golay codes and MLS have been used for acoustic applications for years. Applications of Legendre sequences have also been reported. Digital sequences of other classes such as, e.g., binary Gold sequences and Kasami sequences have only recently found applications in acoustical system identification and characterization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Golay, M. J. E.: “Complementary series”, IRE Trans. Inform. Theory 7 (1961), pp. 82–87.
Foster, S.: “Impulse response measurement using Golay codes”, IEEE 1986, Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 2 (IEEE New York, 1986), pp. 929–932.
Zhou, B., Green D. M. and Middlebrooks J. C.: “Characterization of external ear impulse responses using Golay codes”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 (1992), pp. 1169–1171.
Zahorik, P.: “Limitations in using Golay codes for head-related transfer function measurement”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107 (2000), pp. 1793–1796.
Burgess, J.: “Chirp design for acoustical system identification”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91 (1992), pp. 1525–1530.
Schroeder, M. R.: Number Theory in Science and Communication, 2nd enl. ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1991).
Colomb, S. W.: Shift Register Sequences, Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills, CA (1982).
MacWilliams, F. J. and Sloane, N. J.: “Pseudo-random Sequences and Arrays”, Proc. IEEE, 64 (1976), pp. 1715–1729.
Schroeder, M. R.: “Integrated-impulse method measuring sound decay without using impulses”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66 (1979), pp. 497–500.
Burkard, R., Shi, Y. and Hecox K. E.: “A comparison of maximum length and Legendre sequences for the derivation of brain-stem auditory-evoked responses at rapid rates of stimulation”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87 (1990), pp. 1656–1664.
Lüke, H. D.: Korrelationssignale, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York (1992).
Borish, J. and Angell, J. B.: “An efficient algorithm for measuring the impulse response using pseudorandom noise”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 31 (1983), pp. 478–488.
Shi, Y. and Hecox, K. E.: “Nonlinear system identification by m-pulse sequences: application to brainstem auditory evoked responses”, IEEE Trans. Biomed Eng., 38 (1988) pp. 834–845.
Dunn, Ch. and Hawksford, M. O.: “Distortion immunity of MLS-derived impulse response measurements”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 41 (1993), pp. 314–335.
Vanderkooy, J.: “Aspects of MLS measuring systems”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 42 (1994), pp. 219–231.
Ream, N.: “Nonlinear identification using inverse repeat sequences”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 (1984), pp. 475–478.
Xiang, N. and Genuit, K.: “Characteristic maximum-length sequences for the interleaved sampling method”, ACUSTICA 82 (1996), pp. 905–907.
Mommertz, E. and Bayer, G.: “PC-based high frequency range M-sequence measurements using an interleaved sampling method”, ACUSTICA, 81 (1995), pp. 80–83.
Simon, M. K., Omura, J. K., Scholtz, R. A. and Levitt, B. K.: Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook, McGraw-Hill (1994).
Wilson, D. K., Ziemann, A., Ostashev, V. E. and Voronovich, A. G.: “An overview of acoustic travel-time tomography in the atmosphere and its potential applications”, ACUSTICA 87 (2001), pp. 721–730.
Xiang, N., Daigle, J. N. and Kleiner, M.: “Simultaneous acoustic channel measurement via maximal-length-related sequences”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 (2005), pp. 1889–1894.
Sarwate, D. V. and Pursley, M. B.: “Cross-correlation properties of pseudorandom and related sequences”, Proc. IEEE 68 (1980), pp. 593–619.
Xiang, N. and Schroeder, M. R.: “Reciprocal maximum-length sequence pairs for acoustical dual source measurements”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 113 (2003), pp. 2754–2761.
Cohn, M. and Lempel, A.: “On fast M-sequences transforms”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 23 (1977), pp. 135–137.
Lempel, A.: “Hadamard and M-sequences transforms are permutationally similar”, Appl. Optics, 19 (1979), pp. 4064–4065.
Sutter, E. E.: “The fast m-transform: a fast computation of crosscorrelations with binary m-sequences”, SIAM J. Comput. 20 (1991), pp. 686–694.
Birdsall, T. G. and Metzger Jr., K.: “Factor inverse matched filtering”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79 (1986), pp. 91–99.
Daigle, J. N. and Xiang, N.: “A specialized fast cross-correlation for acoustical measurements using coded sequences”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119 (2006), pp. 330–335.
Rader, C. M.: “Discrete Fourier transforms when the number of data samples is prime”, Proc. IEEE 56 (1999), pp. 1107–1108.
Rife, D. D. and Vanderkooy, J.: “Transfer-function measurement with maximum-length sequences”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 37 (1989), pp. 419–444.
Schneider, T. and Jamieson D. G.: “A dual-channel MLS-based test system for hearing-aid characterization”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 41 (1993), pp. 583–594.
Chu, W. T.: “Architectural acoustic measurements using periodic pseudo-random sequences and FFT”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 (1984), pp. 475–478.
Chu, W. T.: “Room response measurements in a reverberation chamber containing a rotating diffuser”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77 (1985), pp. 1252–1256.
Garai, M. and Guidorzi P.: “European methodology for testing the airborne sound insulation characteristics of noise barriers in situ: experimental verification and comparison with laboratory data”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 (2000), pp. 1054–1067.
Mommertz, E.: “Angle-dependent in-situ measurements of reflection coefficients using a subtraction technique”, Appl. Acoust. 46 (1995), pp. 251–263.
Li, J. F. and Hodgson M.: “Use of pseudo-random sequences and a single microphone to measure surface impedance at oblique incidence”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 102 (1997), pp. 2200–2210.
Schmitz, A. and Vorländer, M.: “Messung von Aussenohrstossantworten mit Maximalfolgen-Hadamard-Transformation und deren Anwendung bei Inversionversuchen”, ACUSTICA, 71 (1990), pp. 257–278.
Xiang, N. and Sabatier J. M.: “Laser-Doppler vibrometer-based acoustic landmine detection using the fast M-sequence transform”, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 1 (2004), pp. 292–294.
Ciric, D. G. and Milosevic M. A.: Transient noise influence in MLS measurement of room impulse response, ACUSTICA, 91 (2005), pp. 110–120.
Svensson, U. P. and Nielsen, J. L.: “Errors in MLS measurements caused by time variance in acoustic systems”, J. Audio Eng. Soc. 47 (1999), pp. 907–927.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Xiang, N. (2008). Digital Sequences. In: Havelock, D., Kuwano, S., Vorländer, M. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-77698-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-30441-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)